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  本文選題：劉勰　切入點(diǎn)：梅洛-龐蒂　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：心物關(guān)系,即主觀意識如何認(rèn)識外在世界的問題。"心"和"物"的關(guān)系從根本上說就是主體與對象的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。中西方對"心"和"物"關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)的討論由來已久。古典時代的中國,早在上古就產(chǎn)生了樸素的"物感"理論;古希臘時代,先哲們就已經(jīng)開始關(guān)注宇宙的形成與外在的自然世界。魏晉南北朝時期,劉勰在其《文心雕龍》中逐漸形成了成熟的"物感"理論系統(tǒng),作為"主體"的"心"因觸"物"而興情,在心物聯(lián)動中實(shí)現(xiàn)心物交融。法國現(xiàn)象學(xué)家梅洛-龐蒂繼承和改造了胡塞爾的"先驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象學(xué)",提出了以"身體-主體"為核心的"知覺現(xiàn)象學(xué)",顛覆了自笛卡爾以降的身心二元論,將"身體-主體"和"生活世界"看成具有同質(zhì)性的"肉",實(shí)現(xiàn)審美結(jié)構(gòu)中主體與對象平等地交流,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)心物統(tǒng)一。本文以中國魏晉南北朝時期著名的文論思想家劉勰和當(dāng)代法國現(xiàn)象學(xué)思想家梅洛-龐蒂詩學(xué)的心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)作為具體的研究對象,勾勒出一個"一體四翼"的心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)比較的體系。"一體"是"心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)"這一研究問題的核心,"四翼"是指"范疇結(jié)構(gòu)"、"思維結(jié)構(gòu)"、"體系結(jié)構(gòu)"、"話語結(jié)構(gòu)"等具體的維度。論文由五章構(gòu)成,總體上可以分為三個部分,即問題篇、宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)篇、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)篇。緒論部分交代了問題的緣起,對本文選題的原因作了理論上的說明,對本文的研究對象作了介紹,然后在比較詩學(xué)的角度界定和規(guī)范了研究范圍。其次介紹了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于劉勰與梅洛龐蒂詩學(xué)研究的現(xiàn)狀,最后闡述了本文的研究思路、方法和意義。第一章"心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)論"是問題篇,即所謂的"一體",是整個比較框架的核心總覽,界定了"詩學(xué)心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)"的概念和劉勰與梅洛-龐蒂詩學(xué)心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)論的基本內(nèi)涵,對比較對象主體得以展開對話的邏輯上的可行性與學(xué)理上的可操作性進(jìn)行了梳理和說明,同時對比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的合理性進(jìn)行了評估。第二、三章是宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)篇。第二章范疇結(jié)構(gòu)是在中西方哲學(xué)、詩學(xué)歷史中梳理詩學(xué)心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)中的"心"、"物"、"心物關(guān)系"的歷史演變、表現(xiàn)方式、基本內(nèi)涵和詩學(xué)形態(tài),架構(gòu)宏觀的范疇概念的歷史發(fā)展體系。第三章則深入到范疇結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)的深層的文化思維差異中并將思維結(jié)構(gòu)分為"本源性"和"實(shí)用性"兩類。本源性思維結(jié)構(gòu)即入思方式,是根深蒂固的文化思維層面,是"不變的"本質(zhì)性內(nèi)容;實(shí)用性思維結(jié)構(gòu)是"物感"詩學(xué)和"知覺"詩學(xué)的具體的思維方法和程序路徑,是"可變"的內(nèi)容。第四、五章是微觀結(jié)構(gòu)篇。第四章體系結(jié)構(gòu)將心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)納入到美學(xué)的維度中去探討,共分三節(jié),即"審美對象的存在方式"、"審美活動的過程結(jié)構(gòu)"、"審美理想的終極指歸"。從這三個方面建立起一個縱向的心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)的詩學(xué)體系,在"物感"與"知覺"的基本理論點(diǎn)的對比言說中發(fā)掘各自的精神實(shí)質(zhì),探尋劉勰和梅洛-龐蒂心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)的具體路徑。第五章"心物關(guān)系的話語結(jié)構(gòu)",選擇了三對話語范疇進(jìn)行對比研究,包括"心物應(yīng)答"和"可逆性"、"審美意象"和"肉身化"、"神與物游"和"含混性"。三對話語范疇在相互對話和言說中尋找互補(bǔ)性,促進(jìn)詩學(xué)的共同發(fā)展;在比較和闡釋中找到互證性,展現(xiàn)相互融合的契約點(diǎn);在不可通約的民族性話語中找到互鑒性,探尋各自民族詩學(xué)的獨(dú)特密碼。從比較的視野來看,梅洛-龐蒂和劉勰心物關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)的可通約之處在于主體與對象的結(jié)構(gòu)都指向一種超越主客對立、達(dá)到主體間性的超越關(guān)系模式。劉勰處于古典時代,其認(rèn)識論還處于自然主義的審美階段,梅洛-龐蒂的"知覺現(xiàn)象學(xué)"則是對西方近現(xiàn)代意識哲學(xué)、主體性美學(xué)的反撥,主張尋回到原點(diǎn),這在某種程度上與劉勰的"物感"理論相遇,這種相遇是美學(xué)、詩學(xué)在古今中外維度四方對話的彰顯。在差異、融合、轉(zhuǎn)換的對話中進(jìn)行比較的學(xué)理分析,在"一體四翼"的框架中對研究對象進(jìn)行互證、互鑒、互補(bǔ)的比較研究中,將為促進(jìn)中國傳統(tǒng)詩學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型和中華民族詩學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化建構(gòu)提供可能。
[Abstract]:The relationship between mind and matter, that is how to recognize the subjective consciousness of the problem in the outside world. Relationship between "heart" and "object" structure is the relationship of subject and object from the root. The discussion of "heart" and "object" in the West. The relationship between the structure of the long-standing classical China, as early as in the ancient produces the plain "the matter" theory; the time of ancient Greece, philosophers have focused on the formation of the universe and the nature world. During Wei and Jin Dynasties, Liu Xie in the < > in Dragon carving and the literary mind gradually formed a mature theoretical system, "the sense of things" as the "main body" and "heart" by touching the "material" Xing, the heart of heart linkage. Blend in the French phenomenologist Melo Ponty inherited and transformed Husserl's "transcendental phenomenology", put forward a "body" as the core of the "phenomenology of perception", subversion since Descartes dualism, the body subject "and" life world " A homogeneous "meat", realize the aesthetic subject and object structure in equal exchange, so as to realize the unity of spirit and matter. In this paper, China in Wei and Jin Dynasties famous literary thinker Liu Xie and contemporary French thinker Melo Ponty phenomenological poetics structure of the relationship between mind and matter as the research object, draw the outline of a "one of the four wing" the relationship between mind and matter structure system. The one is the core of the research on the relationship between mind and matter structure "," four wings "refers to the category of" structure "," thinking structure "," architecture "," dimension of discourse structure ". The specific is composed of five chapters, in general can be divided into three parts, namely, macro structure, micro structure. The introduction part introduces the origin of problem, the reason of this topic makes a theoretical explanation on the research object of this paper are introduced, and then defined in the perspective of Comparative Poetics And standardize the scope of the study. Secondly, the status quo at home and abroad about Liu Xie and Melo Ponty poetics research, finally elaborated the research ideas, methods and significance. The first chapter "the relationship between mind and matter structure theory is a problem, the so-called" one "is the core of the comparative framework overview, define" the basic connotation of the relationship between the structure relationship between the structure of the concept of poetic heart "and Liu Xie and Melo - Ponty poetic mind and material, the feasibility of comparative subject dialogue to logic and science operation theory has combed and explained, and the rationality of the standard of evaluation. The second, third chapter is the macro structure. The second chapter is the category structure in western philosophy, combing the heart of poetics in the history of the relationship between the poetic structure of the" heart "," object "," the relationship between mind and matter "in the history of evolution, form, connotation and poetics, macro architecture The category of the concept of historical development of the system. The third chapter into the category structure of the deep cultural differences in thinking and thinking structure is divided into "origin" and "practical" two categories. The origin of thinking structure and ways of thought, is the ingrained culture of thinking, is a "constant" nature content; practical thinking structure is "concrete thinking method and program path sense of things" poetics and Poetics "perception", "variable". The fourth, fifth chapter is the micro structure. The fourth chapter will structure the relationship between mind and matter structure into the aesthetic dimensions to explore, is divided into three sections. "Aesthetic object existence", "structure" of aesthetic activities, "the ultimate intention of" aesthetic ideal. To establish a longitudinal relationship between mind and matter structure poetics system from these three aspects, in the "basic theory of comparative discourse point sense" and "awareness" in the excavation The essence of self, to explore the specific path of Liu Xie and Melo Ponty the relationship between mind and matter structure. The fifth chapter is "the relationship between mind and matter of the discourse structure, choose three of discourse category of comparative studies, including" heart response "and" reversible "," aesthetic "and" flesh "" with things, "and" ambiguity ". On the three discourse category in the dialogue and speech for complementary, promote common development of poetics; find each card in comparison and explanation, show the contract point of mutual fusion; find the incommensurability of national discourse in mutual learning, unique password to explore their own national poetics. From a comparative perspective, Melo Ponty and Liu Xiexin. The relationship between the structure of the special structure lies in the subject and object to a subject object relationship model beyond, beyond the reach of intersubjectivity. Liu Xie in the classical era, its epistemology is still in The aesthetic stage of naturalism, Melo Ponty "phenomenology of perception" is the modern western philosophy of consciousness, washback subjectivity aesthetics, advocating the "back to the origin, and Liu Xie in a certain extent, the sense of things" theory to meet, this meeting is in the highlight of this ancient aesthetics, poetics and four dimensions the differences in the dialogue. Dialogue, integration, transformation of the theory of comparative analysis, in the framework of "one of the four wing" on the research object for each card, mutual complementary, comparison research, will promote the transformation of traditional poetics Chinese modernization and the modern construction of the national poetics possible.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I0-03

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