【摘要】：本研究以國家高水平男子20公里競走運動員的相對成功訓(xùn)練-比賽周期的負荷控制為研究對象,運用文獻資料法、專家訪談法、實地調(diào)查法與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計等方法,從訓(xùn)練負荷本身及其引起的機體效應(yīng)兩條路徑探討專項訓(xùn)練負荷控制的一般原理及其應(yīng)用,為競走專項理論建構(gòu)提供現(xiàn)實依據(jù)和為我國備戰(zhàn)競走大賽提供理論支持與現(xiàn)實參考。 通過研究提出了訓(xùn)練負荷控制操作概念、等水平作業(yè)定律、課中累加與漸增負荷控制原理、課間恢復(fù)時機控制原理、負債負荷與累加負債負荷控制原理。 訓(xùn)練負荷控制是以創(chuàng)造優(yōu)異的運動成績?yōu)槟康?施控主體對運動機體承受負荷過程實施的嚴格掌控。包括課中、課間與負荷效應(yīng)控制。 常用作業(yè)距離按2或5的倍數(shù)設(shè)置短翼專項距離和長翼專項距離區(qū)間。區(qū)內(nèi)高度正相關(guān),區(qū)間無明顯相關(guān)；作業(yè)距離與專項成績無明顯相關(guān),解釋為作業(yè)成績隨作業(yè)距離的增加而增加的正關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。 在一定時期,某作業(yè)距離所能發(fā)揮的最高平均成績等于在另一作業(yè)距離所能發(fā)揮的最高平均成績乘上兩個作業(yè)距離比值的K次方。K為功率指數(shù)。 在一定時期,用某一成績作業(yè)距離LA和利用與之等水平成績作業(yè)距離LB所產(chǎn)生的負荷比值等于兩個距離比值的J次方,J為負荷指數(shù)。 無論是用全力強度還是某一強度在某距離上連續(xù)作業(yè),全程距離的負荷值等于孤立作業(yè)各分段所產(chǎn)生的負荷值分別開(1+J)次方的和的(1+J)次方。 勻速走必然小于變速走相等成績所產(chǎn)生的負荷。勻速走一場20公里,比賽成績在±1：30范圍內(nèi)變化視為合理。為了戰(zhàn)術(shù)需要,應(yīng)重視變速能力培養(yǎng)。 全程勻速走負荷隨單位距離的增加而按(1+J)次方倍率增加；第n段負荷隨單位距離增加而按(n^(1+J)+(n-1)^(1+J))倍率增加；第n段漸增負荷隨單位距離增加而按(n^(1+J)+(n-1)^(1+J))-1)倍率增加。應(yīng)加強運動員負荷節(jié)奏培養(yǎng)。 運動員在賽前3周承受(1.11±0.069)負債負荷進入賽前1周基本能接受；承受(0.65±0.12)負債負荷參加比賽有風(fēng)險。 建構(gòu)一個完整的專項負荷效應(yīng)控制模式應(yīng)突出個性化特征,以實施針對性訓(xùn)練。
[Abstract]:This study takes the relatively successful training of the national high level men's 20 km race walkers as the research object, using the methods of literature, expert interview, field investigation and mathematical statistics, etc. This paper discusses the general principle and application of special training load control from the training load itself and its two routes of organism effect, which provides the practical basis for the construction of the special theory of race walking and provides theoretical support and practical reference for our country to prepare for the race walking contest. The concept of training load control operation, the law of equal level operation, the principle of accumulative and incremental load control in class, the control principle of recess recovery opportunity, the control principle of debt load and cumulative debt load are put forward. The purpose of training load control is to create excellent sports results. Including class, class and load effect control. The commonly used operating distance is divided into two or five multiples of short wing special distance and long wing special distance. There was no significant correlation between work distance and special achievement, which was explained as the positive correlation between work achievement and work distance. In a certain period of time, the maximum average score of a given work distance is equal to the maximum average achievement of another work distance multiplied by the power exponent of the ratio of two job distances. In a certain period, the load ratio produced by using the distance from a certain score to the work LA and the equal level of the performance distance from the LB is equal to the J power of two distance ratios, and J is the load index. The load value of the whole distance is equal to the (1 J) power of the sum of the (1 J) power generated by each segment of the isolated operation, regardless of whether the full strength or a certain strength is used continuously at a certain distance. The uniform speed walk is bound to be less than the load generated by the equal performance of the variable speed walk. A uniform speed of 20 km, race results within 鹵1:30 range is considered reasonable. In order to meet the tactical needs, attention should be paid to the training of variable speed ability. The load of the whole course increases with the increase of unit distance to the power of (1 J), and the load of segment n increases with the increase of unit distance by (n ^ (1 J) (n-1) ^ (1 J); The gradual increase of the load in section n increases with the increase of unit distance at the rate of (n ^ (1 J) (n-1) ^ (1 J) -1). The training of athletes'load rhythm should be strengthened. The athletes were able to bear (1.11 鹵0.069) debt load in 3 weeks before the competition and (0.65 鹵0.12) debt load to participate in the competition. In order to construct a complete control mode of special load effect, individualized characteristics should be highlighted in order to carry out targeted training.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G821

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