本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民間環(huán)保組織 公共產(chǎn)品供給 政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變 政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾十年,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)突飛猛進(jìn),取得了輝煌的成就,但同時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與生態(tài)環(huán)境、資源承載能力之間的矛盾愈益突出。為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,中共十八大報(bào)告把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)一并列為“五位一體”的總布局,使生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要性提升到了前所未有的高度。提供環(huán)境保護(hù)公共產(chǎn)品是政府天然的不可推卸的責(zé)任,但這并不意味著政府是環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品供給的壟斷者或者說(shuō)政府必須是環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品親力親為的直接生產(chǎn)者,事實(shí)上,民間組織參與環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品供給具有重要意義,除發(fā)動(dòng)民眾參與社會(huì)治理活動(dòng)的價(jià)值取向外,民間組織的參與有助于加強(qiáng)政府的環(huán)境保護(hù)職能,它可以彌補(bǔ)政府自身力量之不足,也可以發(fā)揮引導(dǎo)民眾保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的積極作用,同時(shí),它有助于推動(dòng)政府從“經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)型”向“公共服務(wù)型”轉(zhuǎn)變和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)與社會(huì)管理的均衡發(fā)展。與官方環(huán)保組織相比,我國(guó)民間環(huán)保組織參與供給環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品有自身的優(yōu)勢(shì),比如,民間組織扎根基層,擁有廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ);身處環(huán)保第一線(xiàn),對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境情況更為了解;機(jī)動(dòng)靈活,不拘泥于形式,效率更高。本文以政府職能理論和公共產(chǎn)品供給理論為工具,在政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變的背景下著力研究民間環(huán)保組織參與政府供給環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品的基本現(xiàn)狀,包括民間環(huán)保組織參與政府履行的環(huán)保職能、參與供給環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品的方式以及參與中遭遇到的問(wèn)題,并嘗試提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),我國(guó)民間環(huán)保組織參與環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品供給主要體現(xiàn)在環(huán)境宣傳教育、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警、環(huán)境保護(hù)法律服務(wù)以及國(guó)家間交流等方面。環(huán)保組織參與供給環(huán)保公共產(chǎn)品的方式有:“政府委托,簽訂合同”;“政府主導(dǎo),互助合作”以及“民間環(huán)保組織自發(fā)提供公共服務(wù)”。但在民間環(huán)保組織參與的實(shí)踐中也存在不少問(wèn)題,比如,政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)服務(wù)的力度不夠大;民間環(huán)保組織資質(zhì)參差不齊;對(duì)民間環(huán)保組織的法律地位和制度保護(hù)不足,以及環(huán)保組織和政府環(huán)保部門(mén)的資金不足等。鑒于此,需要采取有針對(duì)性、可操作性的對(duì)策建議,包括規(guī)范政府與民間環(huán)保組織的合作關(guān)系;完善民間組織的參與機(jī)制并制度化;政府加大購(gòu)買(mǎi)公共服務(wù)的力度和加強(qiáng)財(cái)政支持民間環(huán)保組織;合理提升民間環(huán)保組織的服務(wù)素質(zhì)等。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, China's economic construction has made brilliant achievements, but at the same time, the contradiction between economic growth and ecological environment, resource carrying capacity is increasingly prominent. In order to promote economic and social sustainable development. The report of the 18 National Congress of the Communist Party of China put the construction of ecological civilization and economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction in parallel as the overall layout of "five in one". The importance of the construction of ecological civilization has been raised to an unprecedented height. It is the government's unshirkable responsibility to provide environmental protection for public goods. However, this does not mean that the government is the monopoly of the supply of environmental protection public goods or that the government must be the direct producer of environmental protection public goods, in fact. The participation of non-governmental organizations in the supply of environmental protection public goods is of great significance. Besides the value orientation of mobilizing people to participate in social governance activities, the participation of non-governmental organizations helps to strengthen the function of environmental protection of the government. It can make up for the insufficiency of the government's own strength, can also play a positive role in guiding the people to protect the ecological environment, at the same time. It can help the government to change from "economic construction" to "public service" and promote the balanced development of economic construction and social management. China's non-governmental environmental protection organizations have their own advantages in providing environmental protection public goods. For example, non-governmental organizations take root at the grass-roots level and have a broad mass base; In the forefront of environmental protection, more understanding of the ecological environment; Flexible, non-formal, more efficient. This paper takes the theory of government function and the theory of supply of public goods as the tool. In the context of the transformation of government functions, we focus on the basic status quo of non-governmental environmental protection organizations participating in the provision of environmental protection public goods, including the participation of non-governmental environmental protection organizations in the environmental protection functions performed by the government. Participate in the supply of environmental protection public goods and the problems encountered in the process of participation, and try to put forward solutions to the problem. Private environmental protection organizations in China participate in the supply of environmental protection public goods mainly reflected in environmental publicity and education, environmental monitoring and early warning. Environmental protection legal services and inter-state exchanges. Environmental protection organizations participate in the supply of environmental protection public goods in the following ways: "commissioned by the government, signed contracts;" "Government-led, mutual aid and cooperation" and "private environmental protection organizations spontaneously provide public services". But in the practice of the participation of non-governmental environmental protection organizations, there are many problems, for example, the strength of government purchase of services is not strong enough; The qualification of non-governmental environmental protection organizations is uneven; The legal status and system protection of the non-governmental environmental protection organizations, as well as the lack of funds of environmental protection organizations and government environmental protection departments, etc., in view of this, we need to take targeted, operational countermeasures and suggestions. Including standardizing the cooperative relationship between the government and non-governmental environmental protection organizations; Perfecting and institutionalizing the participation mechanism of civil society organizations; The government should increase the purchase of public services and strengthen the financial support for non-governmental environmental organizations; To improve the service quality of non-governmental environmental protection organizations and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X32;D632.9

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