發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-24 19:53

【摘要】：城市道路交通系統(tǒng)由人、車、路以及環(huán)境等一些交通參與者和要素構(gòu)成，具有復(fù)雜性、隨機(jī)性、不穩(wěn)定及影響因素較多等特性，是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量和交通出行量都逐年上升，這導(dǎo)致了城市道路交通的嚴(yán)重堵塞，交通事故發(fā)生率的上升，，車輛行駛速度的下降，環(huán)境污染的加劇等一些嚴(yán)重問題。城市道路交通給社會和城市環(huán)境帶來的不良影響越來越明顯，已經(jīng)變成阻止城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)障礙。當(dāng)考慮到將來幾年的交通出行時(shí)，在人口密集地區(qū)的大部分城市道路網(wǎng)已經(jīng)達(dá)到其最大容量或?qū)⒉荒軡M足日益增長的需求。此時(shí)，分析和測試并開發(fā)一個(gè)能夠使得現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施更好利用的系統(tǒng)是非常緊迫的任務(wù)。因此，應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算就成為了一種有效的技術(shù)手段。 對于交通信息的產(chǎn)生，交通流的建模與仿真是最有前途的策略之一。微觀模擬模型的效率足夠，可以在并聯(lián)地實(shí)時(shí)再現(xiàn)整個(gè)道路網(wǎng)的流量。為了得出正確的各種交通情況，例如，瓶頸，交叉口的交通狀態(tài)等，車輛的運(yùn)行細(xì)節(jié)都必須仔細(xì)地加以界定。所以，本文中提出了一種基于道路網(wǎng)網(wǎng)格的信號控制交叉口微觀仿真模型。該模型的特點(diǎn)在于：(1)細(xì)化了CA模型的路段及交叉口。(2)分別考慮了車輛在路段及交叉口區(qū)域的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，如路段上的自由行駛、跟車及換車道行為，交叉口區(qū)域?qū)�車輛的限制等。最終，建立了單一信號控制交叉口仿真平臺，并通過對模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)際觀測數(shù)據(jù)的分析，驗(yàn)證了模型的可靠性。得出的交通流特征信息能夠?yàn)榻煌ㄕT導(dǎo)，交通分配及信號制定提供基礎(chǔ)和依據(jù)。 本文提出的基于路網(wǎng)網(wǎng)格的單信號交叉口仿真模型，能夠更加細(xì)致描繪路段及交叉口車輛的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。該模型通過細(xì)化元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)(CA)模型中的路網(wǎng)及交叉口的思路，從而彌補(bǔ)了CA模型在交叉口仿真方面的不足、同時(shí)進(jìn)一步完善了車輛尺寸的設(shè)定和微觀仿真的可視化。本文建立了信號交叉交通流仿真平臺，模擬計(jì)算出二維交叉口各進(jìn)口各車道的流量以及轉(zhuǎn)向比例等數(shù)據(jù)。進(jìn)行對比發(fā)現(xiàn)仿真輸出結(jié)果與觀測值基本吻合，驗(yàn)證了模型的可靠性。通過交通仿真，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)可預(yù)測出大量的交通流特征數(shù)據(jù)，如流量、密度和速度等。而這些交通信息能夠?yàn)榻煌▽?shí)時(shí)誘導(dǎo)、交通分配提供依據(jù)，在減輕城市交路網(wǎng)通擁堵和制定信號控制交叉口管控決策等方面有重要的研究意義。 最后,總結(jié)了全文的工作,并指出了今后進(jìn)一步研究的交通流問題的重點(diǎn)和發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:Urban road traffic system is a very complex dynamic system, which is composed of some traffic participants and elements, such as human, vehicle, road and environment. It has the characteristics of complexity, randomness, instability and influence factors. With the rapid development of social economy, the number of urban motor vehicles and the amount of traffic travel are increasing year by year, which leads to the serious congestion of urban road traffic, the increase of the incidence of traffic accidents and the decrease of vehicle speed. The aggravation of environmental pollution and other serious problems. The adverse effects of urban road traffic on society and urban environment are becoming more and more obvious, which has become an obstacle to the development of urban economy. When considering traffic travel in the next few years, most urban road networks in densely populated areas have reached their maximum capacity or will not be able to meet the growing demand. At this point, it is urgent to analyze and test and develop a system that can make better use of existing infrastructure. Therefore, the application of computer technology for simulation calculation has become an effective technical means. For the generation of traffic information, traffic flow modeling and simulation is one of the most promising strategies. The microscopic simulation model is efficient enough to reproduce the flow of the whole road network in parallel. In order to obtain the correct traffic conditions, such as bottlenecks, traffic conditions at intersections and so on, the operation details of vehicles must be carefully defined. Therefore, a micro simulation model of signal-controlled intersection based on road network grid is proposed in this paper. The characteristics of the model are as follows: (1) the section and intersection of CA model are refined. (2) the running state of vehicle in the section and intersection area is considered, such as free driving, following and changing lane behavior. Restrictions on vehicles at intersections, etc. Finally, the simulation platform of single signal control intersection is established, and the reliability of the model is verified by analyzing the simulation results and actual observation data. The characteristic information of traffic flow can provide the basis and basis for traffic guidance, traffic assignment and signal formulation. The simulation model of single signal intersection based on road network grid is presented in this paper, which can describe the running state of road sections and intersections in more detail. In this model, the road network and intersection in cellular automata (CA) model are refined, which makes up for the deficiency of CA model in intersection simulation, and further improves the setting of vehicle size and the visualization of microscopic simulation. In this paper, a signal-crossing traffic flow simulation platform is established to simulate and calculate the traffic flow and steering ratio of each lane at the 2-D intersection. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the observed values, and the reliability of the model is verified. Through traffic simulation, a large number of traffic flow characteristic data, such as flow, density and speed, can be predicted in a short time. These traffic information can provide the basis for real-time traffic guidance and traffic allocation, and have important significance in reducing traffic congestion and making signal-controlled intersection control decisions. Finally, the paper summarizes the work of the paper, and points out the emphasis and development direction of the traffic flow problem in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.23;U491.112

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