發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-09 17:10

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大學(xué)生主動(dòng)性人格 社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別　出處：《云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩,國(guó)人應(yīng)將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)上,此時(shí)也正是踏踏實(shí)實(shí)創(chuàng)業(yè)的大好時(shí)機(jī),刺激就業(yè)及創(chuàng)業(yè),是應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩的重要手段。創(chuàng)業(yè)能有效地促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)、緩解就業(yè)壓力,創(chuàng)業(yè)已然成為了這個(gè)時(shí)代的重要關(guān)注點(diǎn)。2014年李克強(qiáng)總理表示,要在全國(guó)掀起“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)”和“草根創(chuàng)業(yè)”的新浪潮,形成“萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新”和“人人創(chuàng)新”的新形態(tài)。在國(guó)家創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)戰(zhàn)略背景下,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代背景下,我們需要開(kāi)展大量的知識(shí)密集型創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng),來(lái)提升經(jīng)濟(jì)活力。2014年中國(guó)大學(xué)生畢業(yè)人數(shù)由2004年的280萬(wàn)增長(zhǎng)到727萬(wàn),增長(zhǎng)率為160%,“大學(xué)生就業(yè)難”就此成為媒體和各界人士關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。來(lái)自2016年中國(guó)大學(xué)生就業(yè)壓力調(diào)查報(bào)告顯示,大學(xué)生畢業(yè)人數(shù)中,僅有5.54%的畢業(yè)生選擇了自主創(chuàng)業(yè),與西方國(guó)家相比,我們還有著巨大的差距。而在當(dāng)前的社會(huì)背景下、就業(yè)形勢(shì)下大學(xué)生作為知識(shí)密集型創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的主要參與者,其創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)備受關(guān)注。在大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)中,能否識(shí)別創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),直接決定了創(chuàng)業(yè)的方向,創(chuàng)業(yè)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)結(jié)果至關(guān)重要。在已有的創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)中,學(xué)者們從結(jié)果變量和前因變量的視角出發(fā)進(jìn)行探討,結(jié)果變量包括創(chuàng)業(yè)意向、企業(yè)績(jī)效等;前因變量有先驗(yàn)知識(shí)、社會(huì)資本、創(chuàng)業(yè)警覺(jué)性以及創(chuàng)業(yè)者特質(zhì)等。在對(duì)前因變量的研究中,對(duì)警覺(jué)性和先驗(yàn)知識(shí)等研究相對(duì)豐富,但是從創(chuàng)業(yè)者特質(zhì)角度進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究的文獻(xiàn)是十分匱乏的。因此,本文以已有的文獻(xiàn)為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)的梳理,并且結(jié)合當(dāng)前背景選擇大學(xué)生為研究對(duì)象,借助BatamanCrant(1993)提出的主動(dòng)性人格概念,Barnes(1954)提出的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)為中介變量,通過(guò)理論推導(dǎo)、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查以及實(shí)證研究,探討了大學(xué)生主動(dòng)性人格通過(guò)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)而作用于創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的路徑和機(jī)制。本文圍繞著“主動(dòng)性人格影響創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別”這一基本問(wèn)題,對(duì)大學(xué)生主動(dòng)性人格的概念、相關(guān)研究以及維度和測(cè)量進(jìn)行了回顧。對(duì)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念以及維度的劃分進(jìn)行了梳理,確定本文中中介變量社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的四個(gè)維度:網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)度、規(guī)模、異質(zhì)性、中心性。按照創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別前因變量到個(gè)體因素再到創(chuàng)業(yè)者人格特質(zhì)的路徑進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)梳理,對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的概念進(jìn)行了回顧和定義,確定了創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的測(cè)量�；�于文獻(xiàn)綜述在第三章提出了本文的理論的模型,同時(shí)對(duì)三者的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了回顧以此提出了本文的研究假設(shè)。本文變量的測(cè)量采用國(guó)內(nèi)外成熟的量表,通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的方法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集,在剔除明顯廢卷和無(wú)效問(wèn)卷后累計(jì)獲得220份合格問(wèn)卷,利用SPSS19.1和Excel對(duì)問(wèn)卷的可靠性和效度進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果均達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn),同時(shí)通過(guò)因子分析、多元回歸等實(shí)證研究方法對(duì)問(wèn)卷的有效性以及研究假設(shè)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)大學(xué)生主動(dòng)性人格對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別有正向影響作用(2)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及各維度對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別有正向影響作用(3)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及各維度在主動(dòng)性人格與創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的關(guān)系中起部分中介作用本文的研究結(jié)論,進(jìn)一步豐富了創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的相關(guān)研究,特別是通過(guò)實(shí)證研究的方法,證實(shí)了主動(dòng)性人格對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的影響,對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別的前因變量研究,從人格特質(zhì)的角度進(jìn)行了探討,并從信息來(lái)源和獲取的角度,將社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為研究的中介變量,使我們能夠更加清晰地認(rèn)識(shí)到什么樣的個(gè)體更加容易識(shí)別創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),有助于啟發(fā)有創(chuàng)業(yè)想法的大學(xué)生個(gè)體,合理構(gòu)建、維護(hù)屬于自己的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò),利用社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取高質(zhì)量的信息,增加識(shí)別創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的概率,識(shí)別更多創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。同時(shí),對(duì)現(xiàn)階段的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育活動(dòng)提供啟示,對(duì)于現(xiàn)有大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育,不僅是創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí),還應(yīng)包括社會(huì)交際相關(guān)培訓(xùn),幫助大學(xué)生構(gòu)建自己的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò);同時(shí),對(duì)于青少年的教育,應(yīng)該幫助引導(dǎo)他們主動(dòng)性人格的形成和發(fā)展。在文章的最后,匯總了相關(guān)結(jié)論,總結(jié)了研究的理論和實(shí)踐價(jià)值,同時(shí)指出本文存在的局限性以及對(duì)未來(lái)的展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic slowdown, Chinese people should turn their attention to industrial transformation and upgrading, this also is a good time to do business, to stimulate employment and entrepreneurship, is an important means to cope with the slowdown in economic growth. Entrepreneurship can effectively promote economic growth, alleviate the pressure of employment, entrepreneurship has become an important concern.2014 this time Prime Minister Li Keqiang said, the new wave in the country a "public business" and "entrepreneur", a new form of "all innovation" and "everyone innovation". In the background of national innovation strategy, in the context of the Internet era, we need to carry out knowledge intensive business activities of a large number of and to enhance the economic vitality of.2014 Chinese the number of university graduates increased from 2 million 800 thousand in 2004 to 7 million 270 thousand, a growth rate of 160%, "the difficult employment of college students" have become the media and from all walks of life Hot spots of concern. A report from 2016 Chinese employment pressure showed that the number of university graduates, only 5.54% of the graduates choose to start their own businesses, compared with western countries, we still have a big gap. In the current social background, the employment situation of college students as the main participants of knowledge intensive business activities. The business activities of concern. In the entrepreneurial activities, can identify business opportunities, directly determines the direction of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial strategy implementation, is essential to the entrepreneurial results. In the existing business opportunity recognition in the relevant literature, scholars are discussed from the results of the antecedent variables variables and outcome variables including entrepreneurial perspective. The intention of enterprise performance; antecedents of prior knowledge, social capital, entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial traits. In the study of antecedent variables in, Study on alertness and prior knowledge are relatively abundant, but the empirical research from the perspective of entrepreneurs traits literature is very scarce. Therefore, this paper is based on the existing literature, literature review, and combined with the background of the current college students as the research object, with the help of BatamanCrant (1993) put forward the concept of proactive personality, Barnes (1954) the social network as the intermediary variable, through theoretical analysis, questionnaire survey and empirical research, discusses the path and mechanism of College Students' initiative personality through the social network's influence on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. This paper focuses on the "proactive personality affect the basic problem of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition", the concept of proactive personality of college students the related research and the dimensions and measurement were reviewed. The concept of social network and the dimension division carried out and determined in this paper intermediary The four dimensions of social networks: network strength, scale, heterogeneity, center. According to the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition to individual factors to the path of personality trait of entrepreneurs is to review the literature, the entrepreneurial opportunity and recognition of the concept of review and definition, determine the measurement of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition literature. Review put forward the theoretical model in the third chapter, based on the relationship between the three is reviewed in order to put forward the hypothesis of this research. In this paper, the measurement of variables used in domestic and foreign mature scales to collect data through the questionnaire survey method, excluding the obvious waste obtained 220 qualified questionnaires cumulative volume and invalid after the questionnaires, were tested using SPSS19.1 and Excel to test the reliability and validity, the test results meet the standard, at the same time, through factor analysis, multiple regression and empirical research methods On the validity of the questionnaires and the research hypotheses were verified. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) college students proactive personality has a positive effect on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (2) social network and various dimensions have a positive impact on the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (3) and the dimensions of social network to play the part of the intermediary role in the research conclusion the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial opportunity identification, further enrich the research on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, especially through empirical research methods, confirmed the effect of proactive personality on entrepreneurial opportunity identification, the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, from the personality perspective, and from the information the source and obtain the angle of the social network as a mediator of research, so that we can more clearly understand what individuals are more likely to identify business opportunities, help Inspire entrepreneurial idea of individual students, reasonable construction, maintain their own social network, use social networks to obtain high quality information, increase the probability of the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities, identify more entrepreneurial opportunities. At the same time, provide the inspiration for entrepreneurship education activities at this stage, the existing entrepreneurship education of college students, is not only the basic theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurship education, should also include social communication training, help students build their own social network; at the same time, for the education of young people, should help guide the formation and development of their proactive personality. At the end of the article, a summary of the relevant conclusions, summarizes the theoretical and practical value of the study, and points out the limitations of this article and the outlook for the future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C913.4;F279.2

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