發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-30 14:13

  本文選題：民國(guó)時(shí)期　切入點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：《國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要2010—2020》中第四十條提出：完善中國(guó)特色現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度�，F(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度在高等教育研究中具有基礎(chǔ)性和綜合性的研究?jī)r(jià)值。要想研究中國(guó)大學(xué)制度的應(yīng)然,首先應(yīng)該了解它的實(shí)然,但這種應(yīng)然的內(nèi)容肯定已部分存在于目前甚至之前的大學(xué)制度的實(shí)然當(dāng)中。民國(guó)時(shí)期現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度的演變有一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn),值得今天借鑒,即以史為鑒、以史為鏡,以史為證。民國(guó)時(shí)期,中國(guó)社會(huì)處于一個(gè)動(dòng)蕩、轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,無(wú)論是社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì),還是文化、價(jià)值觀念都發(fā)生著質(zhì)的變革,教育也成為社會(huì)變遷的重要組成部分。由于這個(gè)特殊的歷史背景,中國(guó)的高等教育事業(yè)展現(xiàn)了獨(dú)特的面貌。研究現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度是為研究大學(xué)精神做鋪墊,所以從制度分析這一視角對(duì)大學(xué)精神發(fā)育進(jìn)行迂回間接研究,從而揭示“制度涵養(yǎng)精神、精神型塑制度”的交互作用關(guān)系,從大學(xué)制度的演變描述中隱含著大學(xué)精神流變的軌跡。 本文即是以民國(guó)時(shí)期為背景,探討中國(guó)現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度的起源和演變,同時(shí)是以西方現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度的起源和發(fā)展為參照的。第一部分分析現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度的內(nèi)涵、特征、結(jié)構(gòu)和法律形式,現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度是圍繞兩個(gè)基本問題展開的：一是大學(xué)組織的高度社會(huì)化后,如何平衡好大學(xué)與社會(huì)的關(guān)系問題；二是面對(duì)大學(xué)與社會(huì)之間日益復(fù)雜的關(guān)系,大學(xué)如何解決好自身持續(xù)、有效、健康發(fā)展的問題。其核心是在政府宏觀調(diào)控下,面向社會(huì)自主辦學(xué),實(shí)行民主管理。大學(xué)自治和學(xué)術(shù)自由是現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度的基本特征。大學(xué)章程是大學(xué)的根本“憲法”,它作為上承國(guó)家法律、教育法規(guī),下啟大學(xué)具體規(guī)章制度的中轉(zhuǎn)站,是一所大學(xué)的總體精神面貌。第二部分分階段對(duì)現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度萌芽、發(fā)展、成熟作總體回顧。民國(guó)時(shí)期的大學(xué)主要分三類：國(guó)立、私立和教會(huì)大學(xué)。文章分別三章介紹這三類大學(xué)的發(fā)展過程,從內(nèi)在層面分析大學(xué)內(nèi)部課程設(shè)置、辦學(xué)機(jī)制、教學(xué)方法、師資建設(shè)、經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源等問題,從外在層面分析大學(xué)與政府的關(guān)系,大學(xué)與政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等社會(huì)因素之間的關(guān)系。最后對(duì)民國(guó)時(shí)期現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度的發(fā)展作因素分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上得出當(dāng)前現(xiàn)代大學(xué)制度存在的問題,以及提出解決的建議和措施。
[Abstract]:Article 40 of the outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan 2010-2020 puts forward: to perfect the modern university system with Chinese characteristics. The modern university system has the basic and comprehensive research value in the research of higher education. The study of the University system in China, First of all, we should understand its reality, but the content of this kind of supposed reality must have existed in the reality of the present or even the previous university system. The evolution of the modern university system during the Republic of China has some experience and lessons, which is worth learning from today. During the period of the Republic of China, Chinese society was in a period of turbulence, transition, whether it was social politics, economy, or culture, and the concept of values had undergone a qualitative change. Education has also become an important part of social change. Because of this special historical background, the cause of higher education in China has shown a unique outlook. The study of modern university system is to pave the way for the study of the spirit of university. Therefore, from the perspective of institutional analysis, the author makes a roundabout and indirect study on the spiritual development of the university, thus revealing the interactive relationship between the "institutional cultivation of spirit and the shaping of spiritual system". From the description of the evolution of the university system, there is a trace of the evolution of the university spirit. This paper discusses the origin and evolution of the modern university system in China against the background of the Republic of China. At the same time, it refers to the origin and development of the modern university system in the West. The first part analyzes the connotation and characteristics of the modern university system. In terms of structure and legal form, the modern university system revolves around two basic problems: one is how to balance the relationship between university and society after the highly socialized university organization, the other is facing the increasingly complicated relationship between university and society. How to solve the problem of sustainable, effective and healthy development of the university is the core of which is to run a school independently of the society under the macro-control of the government. University autonomy and academic freedom are the basic features of the modern university system. The university charter is the fundamental "constitution" of the university, which serves as a transit station for the state laws, educational regulations, and the specific rules and regulations of the university. The second part is a general review of the germination, development and maturity of the modern university system. During the period of the Republic of China, the universities were mainly divided into three categories: the State, Private and ecclesiastical universities. The article introduces the development process of these three kinds of universities in three chapters, and analyzes the internal curriculum, the mechanism of running a school, the teaching method, the construction of teachers, the source of funds, and so on. The relationship between university and government, the relationship between university and political, economic, cultural and other social factors are analyzed from the external level. Finally, the development of modern university system in the period of the Republic of China is analyzed. On this basis, the problems existing in the current modern university system, as well as suggestions and measures are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G649.29

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