【摘要】：死亡觀是人對死亡的本質(zhì)、過程、價(jià)值和意義的根本看法和基本觀點(diǎn)。簡言之,死亡觀可以理解為人對于死亡的認(rèn)知和而對死亡的態(tài)度；不同的死亡觀會導(dǎo)致行為上的差異。死亡的必然性促使人類至少從舊石器時(shí)代中期就已經(jīng)開始思考死亡,而中西方死亡觀從早期作品《荷馬史詩》與《詩經(jīng)》中已經(jīng)得以窺見雛形,兩部作品所表現(xiàn)出的死亡觀對后世的中西方文化產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。 《荷馬史詩》展示了公元前十一世紀(jì)至九世紀(jì)的古希臘文明,是西方最早的文學(xué)作品�！对娊�(jīng)》是我國文學(xué)的起點(diǎn),反映公元前十一至六世紀(jì)的周工朝文化。二者在時(shí)間范圍上大致相同,并且均涉及了當(dāng)時(shí)社會生活思想的各個(gè)方面,其中不乏有與死亡有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。從時(shí)間和內(nèi)容上看兩部作品都有極強(qiáng)的可比性。古今中外有許多學(xué)者對這兩部作品進(jìn)行過研究,但兒乎沒有人從死亡觀的角度對這兩部作品進(jìn)行對比分析。因此本研究通過對比《荷馬史詩》與《詩經(jīng)》中涉及死亡的內(nèi)容,展現(xiàn)出兩部作品蘊(yùn)含的中西方死亡觀,并且最終探尋造成這兩種文化死亡觀差異的內(nèi)在原因及其對后世死亡觀的影響。 中西方傳統(tǒng)文化的差異孕育出各具特色的死亡觀。本文第二章分析了《荷馬史詩》與《詩經(jīng)》所體現(xiàn)的中西方死亡觀之異同,其中既有積極的死亡觀也有消極的死亡觀。第三章與第四章分別分析了影響中西方死亡觀的因素及其對后世死亡觀的影響,特別是從群體本位與個(gè)體本位的角度分析了產(chǎn)生差異的原因。群體本位觀念是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一大特征,它把個(gè)人看成整個(gè)社會關(guān)系的一個(gè)成員,個(gè)人價(jià)值通過群體認(rèn)同才能實(shí)現(xiàn),因此群體本位死亡觀注重社會性和倫理意義。西方文化則強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體本位,它把人看成獨(dú)立個(gè)體存在于社會關(guān)系之中,群體山個(gè)人組成,個(gè)人價(jià)值通過自己奮斗獲得,因此西方的死亡觀體現(xiàn)出個(gè)體性,強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人意志。另外,文化的差異還決定了即使在相似的死亡表現(xiàn)下,其死亡內(nèi)涵是不同的。比如,雖然《荷馬史詩》與《詩經(jīng)》在戰(zhàn)爭方面都有以戰(zhàn)死沙場為榮的死亡觀,但是中國文化強(qiáng)調(diào)“大義”,而西方文化則是為了追求個(gè)人榮譽(yù)。 作者希望本文能為兩部文學(xué)作品的研究拓展思路,并啟發(fā)人們以積極的態(tài)度面對死亡,善待人生。
[Abstract]:The view of death is the basic view of nature, process, value and meaning of death. In short, the view of death can be understood as the cognition of death and attitude towards death; different views of death can lead to differences in behavior. The inevitability of death has prompted mankind to begin to think about death at least from the middle Paleolithic period, while the western and Chinese views of death can be seen in the early works Homer Epic and the Book of songs. The death view of the two works has exerted a profound influence on the Chinese and western cultures of later generations. Homer Epic shows the ancient Greek civilization from the 11th to the ninth century BC and is the earliest literary work in the West. The Book of songs is the starting point of Chinese literature and reflects the Zhou Gong Dynasty culture from the 11th to the sixth century BC. Both of them are about the same in time, and both involve all aspects of social life thought at that time, among which there are some contents related to death. In terms of time and content, the two works have strong comparability. Many scholars have studied the two works in ancient and modern times, but no one has made a comparative analysis of them from the point of view of death. Therefore, by comparing the contents of Homer Epic and the Book of songs involving death, this study shows the views of death in China and the West contained in the two works. Finally, it explores the internal causes of the difference between the two views of death and their influence on the view of death in later generations. The differences between Chinese and Western traditional cultures have given birth to different views of death. The second chapter analyzes the similarities and differences between Homer's Epic and the Book of songs, in which there are both positive and negative views on death. The third chapter and the fourth chapter analyze the factors that influence the death view of China and the west and the influence of death view on later generations, especially from the angle of group standard and individual standard. The concept of group-oriented is one of the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture. It regards the individual as a member of the whole social relationship, and the individual value can be realized only through the group identification. Therefore, the group-based view of death pays attention to the social and ethical significance. The western culture emphasizes the individual standard, it regards the individual as the independent individual in the social relations, the group mountain individual composition, the individual value obtains through own struggle, therefore the western view of death manifests individuality, emphasizes the individual will. In addition, cultural differences also determine that even under similar death performance, its death connotation is different. For example, although Homer Epic and the Book of songs both have a view of death proud of battlefield in the war, Chinese culture emphasizes "great righteousness", while Western culture seeks personal honor. The author hopes that this paper can expand the thinking for the study of two literary works and inspire people to face death positively and be kind to life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I106.2-03

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