發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-14 10:58

【摘要】：威廉·薩默塞特·毛姆是一位在世界范圍內(nèi)廣受歡迎的小說家,他的人生經(jīng)歷多姿多彩,作品頗豐,長篇小說《人生的枷鎖》、《月亮和六便士》、《刀鋒》等都為他贏得了為數(shù)眾多的讀者。然而毛姆在文學(xué)史上的地位卻和他在讀者中所受歡迎的程度極不相稱,與文學(xué)歷史上的一些大文豪相比,評論家們只愿意承認(rèn)他是一個(gè)“會講故事”的小說家,并將他納入“二流作家”的行列。目前國內(nèi)關(guān)于毛姆的評論和研究文章,多集中在他作品中的東方情結(jié)、語言藝術(shù)或有關(guān)某一作品主題的淺層論述上,而毛姆的作品之所以能夠吸引大批讀者并為他們所喜愛,和其對故事題材的精心選擇和獨(dú)到的敘事方式是分不開的。因此,結(jié)合敘事學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)主義分析方法對其小說的深層敘述形式和藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行探討,具有一定的價(jià)值和意義。本文主要結(jié)合敘事學(xué)和文本學(xué)的分析方法,以毛姆的四部長篇小說代表作為主要分析對象,從中觀照毛姆小說的敘事特色和藝術(shù)價(jià)值。文章分為五大部分,第一章對毛姆的生平及其小說觀做了簡要的介紹,并綜合國內(nèi)外批評家對毛姆作品的主要評價(jià),為選題和論述提供依據(jù)。第二章從毛姆小說的故事層面出發(fā),分析作品的情節(jié)脈絡(luò),提煉出潛藏在其小說下的故事母題,并結(jié)合福斯特的人物觀,對毛姆小說中人物形象類型的變化及所產(chǎn)生的藝術(shù)效果進(jìn)行分析。第三章主要從敘事學(xué)中的話語層面入手,分析毛姆小說的敘述者和敘述視角問題。別于傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的寫作技巧是毛姆小說的藝術(shù)特色所在,同時(shí)也使他的作品帶上了一些現(xiàn)代主義的色彩。第四章主要從文本層面對毛姆小說的修辭方法及獨(dú)特文體進(jìn)行分析。除了言語反諷之外,他的小說中還往往存在一種情境反諷的“反高潮”模式,這種模式是對傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說敘事方法的突破,也反映出他在作品背后所潛藏的悲觀主義思想。他有時(shí)將這種帶有悲觀主義色彩的哲學(xué)理念直接用對話體的方式安插在故事情節(jié)中，，也在一定程度上體現(xiàn)出毛姆小說觀中的辯證思維。毛姆小說具：有高超的敘事技巧和獨(dú)特的敘事特色,是二十世紀(jì)世界文壇當(dāng)之無愧的優(yōu)秀小說家。
[Abstract]:William Somerset Maugham is a popular novelist in the world. His life experiences are varied and his works are abundant. The novel the chains of Life, the Moon and Sixpence, The blade won him a large number of readers. But Maugham's place in literary history was far from commensurate with the popularity of his readers, and critics were willing only to admit that he was a "storytelling" novelist, compared with some of the great literary giants of literary history. He was also included in the ranks of "second-rate writers". At present, most of the domestic comments and research articles on Maugham focus on his oriental complex, language art or shallow discussion on the subject of a certain work, and Maugham's works can attract a large number of readers and be loved by them. It is inseparable from its careful choice of the story theme and its unique narrative style. Therefore, it is of certain value and significance to probe into the deep narrative form and artistic characteristics of his novel with the structuralism analysis method of narratology. This article mainly combines narratology and textual analysis methods, taking the representative of four novels of Maugham as the main object of analysis, from which the narrative characteristics and artistic value of Maugham's novels are studied. This paper is divided into five parts. The first chapter briefly introduces Maugham's life and his novel view, and synthesizes the main evaluation of Maugham's works by domestic and foreign critics. The second chapter starts from the story level of Maugham's novel, analyzes the plot of the work, abstracts the story motif hidden under his novel, and combines with Foster's view of characters. This paper analyzes the changes of characters' image types and their artistic effects in Maugham's novels. The third chapter analyzes the narrator and narrative angle of Maugham's novels from the discourse level of narratology. Different from the traditional realism, Maugham's writing technique is the artistic feature of Maugham's novels, and it also brings some modernism to his works. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the rhetorical method and the unique style of Maugham's novels from the aspect of text. Besides verbal irony, there is often a "anti-climax" pattern of situational irony in his novels, which is a breakthrough in the narrative methods of traditional realistic novels and reflects the pessimism hidden behind his works. He sometimes puts this kind of philosophy with pessimism in the storyline directly with the way of dialogue, and to a certain extent reflects the dialectical thinking in Maugham's novels. Maugham's novels have superb narrative skills and unique narrative characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I561.074

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本文編號：2330972