現(xiàn)代漢語有標條件復句研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-26 18:04
【摘要】：與其它領域的研究相比，復句的研究成果相對較少，已有的研究成果多集中在復句類別的研究、關聯(lián)詞語的研究、特定格式的研究、條件復句的比較研究和應用研究等幾個方面，總的來看復句的研究稍顯單薄，新的理論引入的比較少，描寫的也不夠充分。鑒于這種現(xiàn)狀，本文擬對現(xiàn)代漢語有標條件復句從篇章、句法語義等方面進行全方位的研究。全文主體內(nèi)容共分為七個章節(jié)： 第一章：緒論。扼要介紹本文的選題意義及依據(jù)、研究對象、運用的理論、研究方法以及語料的來源等問題。 第二章：文獻綜述。漢語復句的研究源遠流長，古往今來成果斐然。我們主要從條件復句分類和歸類問題的研究、條件復句關聯(lián)詞語的研究、條件復句相關格式的研究、條件復句的比較研究和應用研究幾個方面對其成果進行了總結歸納，并指出了其中的優(yōu)點及不足，同時探討了條件復句的未來發(fā)展方向。 第三章：漢語有標條件復句的語義----句法系統(tǒng)。句法特征方面，我們主要從兩個角度進行闡釋，一是漢語有標條件復句的句法結構。從結構上看，漢語有標條件復句的必有成分包括兩部分，一部分是標志詞，主要用來引導復句；另一部分是被引導成分。二是漢語有標條件復句與語氣。這里我們采用胡明揚（1988）的觀點，認為陳述、疑問、感嘆、祈使四種語氣組成了現(xiàn)代漢語的語氣意義系統(tǒng)。這四種語氣在漢語有標條件復句中都有相應的體現(xiàn)。語義系統(tǒng)方面，我們主要討論了有標條件復句的邏輯語義基礎、有標條件復句的類型和典型條件標記的條件強度三個問題。有標條件復句的邏輯語義基礎是分句間的條件——結果關系及相關推理結構；關于有標條件復句的類型，從漢語的實際情況出發(fā)，我們認為黃伯榮、廖序東（1991）對條件復句的分類比較科學，即將其分為充分條件句、必要條件句和無條件句三類。典型條件標記“只要”“只有”“無論（不管）”的條件強度方面，主要涉及到以下幾個問題：一是典型條件標記“只要”“只有”“無論（不管）”之間條件強度的等級序列式，我們將其記為：只有（除非）只要無論（不管）（“”表示“強于”）；典型條件標記的隱現(xiàn)對條件強度的影響；與條件標記搭配使用的副詞的隱現(xiàn)對條件強度的影響；并從教學角度對典型條件標記中條件強度的教學提出了可操作性的建議。 第四章：漢語有標條件復句的歷時考察及相關分析。主要從歷時的角度考察條件句產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的軌跡。我們把有標條件復句的發(fā)展主要分為五個時期：上古、中古、近代、過渡時期和現(xiàn)代。通過對這五個時期的比較，總結有標條件復句產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的軌跡及其特點，并簡要分析其中的原因。 第五章：漢語有標條件復句的篇章功能。本章主要包括以下幾個內(nèi)容：復句的篇章研究概述，主要涉及到結合篇章研究復句的必要性并說明復句篇章研究的現(xiàn)狀。關于篇章中有標條件復句的分布，我們統(tǒng)計了有標條件復句在不同語體中（政論語體、事務語體、文藝語體、科技語體）的分布情況，并對其分布不均衡的原因進行了扼要說明。篇章中有標條件復句和其他句子的邏輯聯(lián)系，主要有并列、承接、轉折、條件、因果等幾種。篇章中有標條件復句的連貫作用主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面，一是推動篇章發(fā)展，作為始發(fā)句時可以成為篇章話題或背景話題，從而推動篇章發(fā)展；作為后續(xù)句時可以延續(xù)話題或轉換話題，，從而推動篇章發(fā)展。這里主要以修辭結構理論為依托，具體分析其推動篇章發(fā)展的過程；二是承接上文，結束全篇，這主要指作為終止句的有標條件復句出現(xiàn)在篇章結尾的情況。 第六章：篇章中有標條件復句的表述功能。篇章中有標條件復句的表述功能主要表現(xiàn)在兩大方面，一是客觀表述功能，主要和說明、描寫、敘述相關；二是主觀表述功能，主要和議論相關。是說話人就某個對象或問題發(fā)表見解，表明觀點、立場、態(tài)度等，通常都是說話人的主觀認識，在句法上的主要表現(xiàn)形式就是情態(tài)動詞和情態(tài)副詞的運用。通過對自然語料的分析我們提出了有標條件復句主觀性的量級序列。另外，有些有標條件復句的表述功能需要結合具體語境才能做出確切的判斷。 第七章：結語。對全文的主要內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點進行總結歸納，指出缺點和不足以及因時間問題沒有來得及展開討論的一些問題。
[Abstract]:Comparing with other research fields, the research results of complex sentences are relatively few. The existing research results mainly focus on the category of complex sentences, the study of correlative words, the study of specific formats, the comparative study and application of conditional complex sentences. In view of this situation, this paper intends to study the marked conditional complex sentence in modern Chinese from the aspects of text, syntax and semantics.
Chapter One: Introduction. It briefly introduces the significance and basis of the topic, the object of study, the theories used, the research methods and the sources of the corpus.
Chapter 2: Literature review. The study of Chinese complex sentences has a long history and has made outstanding achievements from ancient and modern times. The advantages and disadvantages are pointed out, and the future development direction of conditional complex sentence is also discussed.
Chapter 3: Semantic - syntactic system of Chinese marked conditional complex sentences. In terms of syntactic features, we mainly explain the syntactic structure of Chinese marked conditional complex sentences from two perspectives. Here we adopt the viewpoint of Hu Mingyang (1988) that the four moods of statement, question, exclamation and imperative constitute the modal meaning system of modern Chinese. The logical and semantic basis of marked conditional complex sentences, the types of marked conditional complex sentences and the conditional strength of typical conditional markers are discussed. Bo Rong and Liao Xudong (1991) classify conditional complex sentences scientifically, that is, they are divided into three types: sufficient conditional sentences, necessary conditional sentences and unconditional sentences. Regardless of the grading of conditional strength between (regardless), we note that only (unless) as long as (no matter) ("" means "stronger"); the influence of the presence of typical conditional markers on conditional strength; the influence of the presence of adverbs used in conjunction with conditional markers on conditional strength; and from the teaching point of view on the typical conditions. The teaching of conditional strength in labelled puts forward some operable suggestions.
Chapter Four: The diachronic investigation and related analysis of the marked conditional complex sentence in Chinese, mainly from the diachronic point of view, examines the origin and development of the conditional sentence.We divide the development of the marked conditional complex sentence into five periods: ancient, medieval, modern, transitional and modern.By comparing these five periods, we summarize the production of the marked conditional complex sentence. The track and characteristics of life and development, and briefly analyze the reasons.
Chapter Five: Textual Functions of Chinese Marked Conditional Complex Sentences. This chapter mainly includes the following contents: a summary of textual research on complex sentences, mainly involving the necessity of combining textual research on complex sentences and explaining the status quo of textual research on complex sentences. The distribution of Chinese (political, transactional, literary and artistic, scientific and technological) and the reasons for its unbalanced distribution are briefly explained. The first is to promote the development of the text, which can become the topic of the text or the background topic at the beginning of the sentence, so as to promote the development of the text. In conclusion, the whole sentence refers to the fact that the complex conditional clause with a conditional condition as the ending sentence appears at the end of the text.
Chapter Six: The expressive function of the marked conditional complex sentence in a text. The expressive function of the marked conditional complex sentence in a text is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the objective expressive function, mainly related to explanation, description and narration; the other is the subjective expressive function, mainly related to argument. Stances, attitudes, etc. are usually subjective perceptions of the speaker, and the main syntactic forms are the use of modal verbs and adverbs. Make a definite judgement.
Chapter 7: Conclusion. Summarizes the main contents and innovations of the full text, points out the shortcomings and inadequacies and some problems that have not been discussed due to the time problem.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146
本文編號：2205723
[Abstract]:Comparing with other research fields, the research results of complex sentences are relatively few. The existing research results mainly focus on the category of complex sentences, the study of correlative words, the study of specific formats, the comparative study and application of conditional complex sentences. In view of this situation, this paper intends to study the marked conditional complex sentence in modern Chinese from the aspects of text, syntax and semantics.
Chapter One: Introduction. It briefly introduces the significance and basis of the topic, the object of study, the theories used, the research methods and the sources of the corpus.
Chapter 2: Literature review. The study of Chinese complex sentences has a long history and has made outstanding achievements from ancient and modern times. The advantages and disadvantages are pointed out, and the future development direction of conditional complex sentence is also discussed.
Chapter 3: Semantic - syntactic system of Chinese marked conditional complex sentences. In terms of syntactic features, we mainly explain the syntactic structure of Chinese marked conditional complex sentences from two perspectives. Here we adopt the viewpoint of Hu Mingyang (1988) that the four moods of statement, question, exclamation and imperative constitute the modal meaning system of modern Chinese. The logical and semantic basis of marked conditional complex sentences, the types of marked conditional complex sentences and the conditional strength of typical conditional markers are discussed. Bo Rong and Liao Xudong (1991) classify conditional complex sentences scientifically, that is, they are divided into three types: sufficient conditional sentences, necessary conditional sentences and unconditional sentences. Regardless of the grading of conditional strength between (regardless), we note that only (unless) as long as (no matter) ("" means "stronger"); the influence of the presence of typical conditional markers on conditional strength; the influence of the presence of adverbs used in conjunction with conditional markers on conditional strength; and from the teaching point of view on the typical conditions. The teaching of conditional strength in labelled puts forward some operable suggestions.
Chapter Four: The diachronic investigation and related analysis of the marked conditional complex sentence in Chinese, mainly from the diachronic point of view, examines the origin and development of the conditional sentence.We divide the development of the marked conditional complex sentence into five periods: ancient, medieval, modern, transitional and modern.By comparing these five periods, we summarize the production of the marked conditional complex sentence. The track and characteristics of life and development, and briefly analyze the reasons.
Chapter Five: Textual Functions of Chinese Marked Conditional Complex Sentences. This chapter mainly includes the following contents: a summary of textual research on complex sentences, mainly involving the necessity of combining textual research on complex sentences and explaining the status quo of textual research on complex sentences. The distribution of Chinese (political, transactional, literary and artistic, scientific and technological) and the reasons for its unbalanced distribution are briefly explained. The first is to promote the development of the text, which can become the topic of the text or the background topic at the beginning of the sentence, so as to promote the development of the text. In conclusion, the whole sentence refers to the fact that the complex conditional clause with a conditional condition as the ending sentence appears at the end of the text.
Chapter Six: The expressive function of the marked conditional complex sentence in a text. The expressive function of the marked conditional complex sentence in a text is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the objective expressive function, mainly related to explanation, description and narration; the other is the subjective expressive function, mainly related to argument. Stances, attitudes, etc. are usually subjective perceptions of the speaker, and the main syntactic forms are the use of modal verbs and adverbs. Make a definite judgement.
Chapter 7: Conclusion. Summarizes the main contents and innovations of the full text, points out the shortcomings and inadequacies and some problems that have not been discussed due to the time problem.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146
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