【摘要】：沖突話語一直被認為是普遍而又復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象,頻繁地發(fā)生于人們?nèi)粘＝浑H活動中。它主要體現(xiàn)在交際雙方的言語、行為或觀點等方面不能達成一致,從而致使沖突話語的出現(xiàn)。它使得交際活動無法正常進行,是成功交際的一大障礙。因此,沖突話語的研究引起了各學(xué)科的關(guān)注,如人類學(xué),社會學(xué),心理學(xué),語言學(xué)等并且研究者們分別從不同的視角對沖突話語進行了解讀。但與國外相比,我國學(xué)者對于沖突話語分析的研究處于剛剛起步的階段。 本文借助近年來頗受矚目的關(guān)聯(lián)理論為理論框架來分析沖突話語。它是斯珀波和威爾遜在批判和繼承格萊斯上原則的基礎(chǔ)上提出的。它從認知學(xué)的角度對人類的語言交際進行解讀,被廣泛應(yīng)用于不同的會話分析過程中。關(guān)聯(lián)理論認為：交際是一個明示—推理的過程。而明示和推理其實是同一個過程的兩個不同方面。從訊遞者的角度來說,交際是一個明示的過程。訊遞者通過明示行為向受訊者傳遞兩種意圖,一種是信息意圖,另一種是交際意圖。而從受訊者的角度來說,交際是一個推理過程。受訊者在關(guān)聯(lián)原則的指導(dǎo)下充分地利用語境做出恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z境假設(shè),就會獲得一定的語境效果,推理出訊遞者的意圖,繼而成功的交際。本文采用基于語料分析的定性研究。語料來自情景美劇“生活大爆炸”。通過對收集來的語料系統(tǒng)地分析,本文揭示了沖突話語產(chǎn)生的原因：即訊遞者在明示交際中明示過于模糊；受訊者在推理交際中無法推理出訊遞者交際意圖；交際雙方無法達到互明；在認知語境中(這里我們用認知語境來區(qū)分傳統(tǒng)意義上的語境)由于交際雙方背景知識的差異,對上下文理解的不正確,忽視了周圍環(huán)境語境等因素以及交際雙方缺少關(guān)聯(lián),這些因素都會導(dǎo)致沖突話語的產(chǎn)生。 本文對沖突話語的研究不但具有理論意義還有社會意義。本文的研究除了能深化對沖突話語成因的理解,對于語用學(xué)理論完善和補充也很有價值。而且沖突話語的緩解具有重要的社會意義。我們國家弘揚“和諧”社會,而“沖突”作為一個不和諧的元素應(yīng)該給與足夠的重視。了解沖突話語產(chǎn)生的原因,努力避免和緩解,對推動和諧主義社會有著積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Conflict discourse has always been regarded as a common and complex linguistic phenomenon, which frequently occurs in people's daily communication. It is mainly reflected in the differences of speech, behavior or viewpoint between the two parties, which leads to the appearance of conflict discourse. It makes the communication activities not normal, is a major obstacle to successful communication. Therefore, the study of conflict discourse has attracted the attention of various disciplines, such as anthropology, sociology, psychology, linguistics and so on. However, compared with foreign countries, the research on conflict discourse analysis is still in its infancy. This paper uses relevance theory, which has attracted much attention in recent years, as a theoretical framework to analyze conflict discourse. It was put forward by Sperber and Wilson on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the principles of Grice. It interprets human language communication from the perspective of cognition and is widely used in different conversational analysis processes. Relevance theory holds that communication is an ostensive-inferential process. In fact, ostensible and inferential are two different aspects of the same process. Communication is an explicit process from the point of view of the addressee. The addressee conveys two kinds of intention to the addressee through express act, one is information intention, the other is communicative intention. From the perspective of the subject, communication is a process of reasoning. Under the guidance of relevance principle, the addressee makes a proper contextual hypothesis under the guidance of relevance principle, which will result in a certain contextual effect, infer the intention of the addressee, and then make successful communication. This paper adopts qualitative research based on corpus analysis. The corpus comes from the scene drama the Big Bang Theory. Through a systematic analysis of the collected data, this paper reveals the causes of conflict utterances: that is, the addressee is too vague in the explicit communication, the addressee cannot infer the communication intention of the addressee in the inferential communication; Communication can not achieve mutual understanding; In cognitive context (where we use cognitive context to distinguish the traditional context) due to the differences in background knowledge between the two communicators and the incorrect understanding of the context, the factors such as the surrounding context and the lack of relevance between the two parties are ignored. These factors will lead to conflict discourse. The study of conflict discourse in this paper has not only theoretical significance but also social significance. In addition to deepening the understanding of the causes of conflict discourse, this study is of great value to the perfection and supplement of pragmatic theory. Moreover, the mitigation of conflict discourse has important social significance. Our country promotes harmonious society, and conflict, as an element of disharmony, should be given enough attention. Understanding the causes of conflict discourse and trying to avoid and alleviate it have positive significance to promote harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H030

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