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  本文選題：火　切入點(diǎn)：隱喻　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：自上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代初期以來，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻開始成為認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言領(lǐng)域研究的焦點(diǎn)之一。西方傳統(tǒng)理論認(rèn)為隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是特殊的修辭手段，經(jīng)常運(yùn)用于詩(shī)歌或小說中。LakoffJohnson(1980)對(duì)隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻做出了全新的定義和解釋。在他們的著作《我們賴以生存的隱喻》中，他們提出了概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻理論。從此，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻研究進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新時(shí)代—認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)時(shí)代。 認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻絕非僅僅是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，也體現(xiàn)了人類認(rèn)知的普遍規(guī)律。它們與人類的思維方式有著密切的聯(lián)系，并存在于我們生活的各個(gè)方面。概念隱喻的本質(zhì)是用一個(gè)概念去認(rèn)知和理解另一個(gè)概念，，即由源域向目標(biāo)域的映射。同隱喻一樣，轉(zhuǎn)喻也是人類重要的認(rèn)知方式，“是發(fā)生在同一認(rèn)知模型（即理想化認(rèn)知模型中）的操作過程，其中一個(gè)概念實(shí)體為另一個(gè)概念實(shí)體提供心理通道”(RaddenKovecses,1999:39)。隱喻建立在“相似性”的基礎(chǔ)上，涉及到不同域之間的映射，而轉(zhuǎn)喻是以“鄰近性”為基礎(chǔ)，通常發(fā)生在同一域內(nèi)，即用同一突顯性的、易感知的事物或概念來代替另一個(gè)事物或概念。然而，雖然“域”是概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻之間主要的區(qū)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但“域”本身就是個(gè)十分模糊的概念。因此，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的區(qū)分難以界定。事實(shí)上，有許多概念的產(chǎn)生是概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻共同作用的結(jié)果。 LakoffJohnson（1980）將概念隱喻分為三大類：方位隱喻，結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻和本體隱喻。對(duì)于概念轉(zhuǎn)喻的分類，本文則認(rèn)為RaddenKovecses的分類相對(duì)系統(tǒng)和具體。RaddenKovecses （1999）把轉(zhuǎn)喻分為兩大部分：整體和部分之間的轉(zhuǎn)喻以及整體的部分與部分之間的轉(zhuǎn)喻。本論文將根據(jù)LakoffJohnson概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻的理論，對(duì)漢語(yǔ)中漢字“火”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻進(jìn)行分析和研究，旨在探討漢字“火”意義衍生的類型和理?yè)?jù)。本研究旨在回答以下三個(gè)研究問題： 1.概念火的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻有哪些？ 2.概念火是如何通過隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻映射到其他認(rèn)知域的？ 3.概念火隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的意義延伸的認(rèn)知理?yè)?jù)是什么？ 火是人類生存和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，同時(shí)也是中國(guó)古代物質(zhì)觀—五行（金，木，水，火，土）的五大元素之一。所以，中國(guó)人對(duì)火的認(rèn)識(shí)十分深刻。漢語(yǔ)中大量的語(yǔ)料都表明了對(duì)漢字“火”的概念化。通過對(duì)語(yǔ)料的分析，本論文發(fā)現(xiàn)火可以轉(zhuǎn)喻為“工具”和“災(zāi)難”，同時(shí)也可以隱喻到抽象的“危險(xiǎn)”域和“情感”域。上述的一些主域又可以近一步地劃分為不同的次域，例如：“武器”域、“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”域、“氣憤”域、“緊急”域、“希望”域和“愛情”域。這些主域和次域以錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的方式相互聯(lián)系，都建立在概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻或者它們之間相互作用的基礎(chǔ)上。此外，本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，“火”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的形成還受到中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的影響。有些“火”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是中國(guó)文化所特有的。
[Abstract]:Since the early eighties of the last century, metaphor and metonymy have become one of the focal points in the field of cognitive language. Traditional western theories hold that metaphor and metonymy are special rhetorical devices. Often used in poetry or fiction. Lakoff Johnsonian (1980) provides a new definition and interpretation of metaphor and metonymy. In their book metaphors on which we live, they put forward the theory of conceptual metaphors and metonymy. The study of metaphor and metonymy has entered a new era-cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguists believe that metaphor and metonymy are not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a universal law of human cognition. And exists in every aspect of our life. The essence of conceptual metaphor is to use one concept to recognize and understand another concept, that is, mapping from source domain to target domain. Metonymy is also an important cognitive way of human beings. "it is the operation of the same cognitive model (i.e. idealized cognitive model). One of the conceptual entities provides a psychological channel for the other conceptual entity, "Radden Kovecsesa 1999: 391.metaphor is based on" similarity "and involves mapping between different domains, whereas metonymy is based on" proximity "and usually occurs in the same domain. That is, to replace another thing or concept with the same salient, perceptible thing or concept. However, while "domain" is the main criterion for the distinction between conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy, Therefore, the distinction between metaphor and metonymy is difficult to define. In fact, many concepts come into being as a result of the interaction of conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. Lakoff Johnsonian (1980) classifies conceptual metaphor into three categories: orientation metaphor, structural metaphor and ontological metaphor. This paper argues that RaddenKovecses's relative system of classification and specific. Radden Kovecses 1999) divides metonymy into two parts: metonymy between whole and part and metonymy between whole and part. This thesis will be based on the theory of LakoffJohnson conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. This paper analyzes and studies the metaphor and metonymy of "fire" in Chinese characters, with a view to exploring the types and motivations of the derivation of the meaning of "fire" in Chinese characters. The purpose of this study is to answer the following three research questions:. 1. What are the metaphors and metonyms of conceptual fire? 2. How does conceptual fire map to other cognitive domains through metaphor and metonymy? 3. What are the cognitive motivations for the extension of conceptual fire metaphor and metonymy? Fire is the key to the survival and development of mankind, and it is also one of the five elements of the five elements (gold, wood, water, fire, earth) in ancient China. The Chinese people have a deep understanding of fire. A lot of data in Chinese show the conceptualization of the Chinese character "fire". This paper finds that fire can be transformed into "tools" and "disasters", and can also be metaphorically transformed into abstract "danger" and "emotional" domains. Some of the above main domains can be further divided into different subdomains. For example, "weapons", "war", "anger", "emergency", "hope" and "love". Are based on conceptual metaphors and conceptual metonymy or their interactions. The study also finds that the formation of metaphor and metonymy of fire is also influenced by Chinese traditional culture, and that some metaphors and metonymy of fire are unique to Chinese culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H15

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