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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 趨向詞 時體意義 情狀體 視點體 語用因素H030　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：漢語中趨向詞除有方向意義以外,還有時體意義。趨向詞“來著”“下去”已經(jīng)語法化為漢語的體標(biāo)記,然而,大部分趨向詞仍是半虛化狀態(tài)。本篇論文主要分析漢語中趨向詞“來”“去”“上”“下”“上來”“上去”“下來”“下去”的時體意義及其內(nèi)在理據(jù)。論文借用Smith的雙部理論對趨向詞的時體意義進行分析,Smith將體貌分為由詞匯手段表現(xiàn)出來的情狀體和由語法手段標(biāo)記出來的視點體,基本的情狀體分為狀態(tài)、活動、結(jié)束、達成、一次性情狀,視點體分為完整體、未完整體、中性體。根據(jù)漢語的體貌類型,本文將完整體細(xì)分為短時體、繼續(xù)完成體、近過去體、完成體,將非完整體細(xì)分為起始體、繼續(xù)體、未來體。除“下去”詞義比較明確,其它趨向詞都有多種時體意義,本文對趨向詞的每種時體意義都做出一定的分析,找出其演變的內(nèi)在原因。本文的語料主要來源于北大中文語料庫、《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》、《趨向補語通釋》,以及收集的口語語料。通過語料的整理分析,趨向詞的時體意義產(chǎn)生主要原因是結(jié)果意義、空間時間關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)換、語用因素以及詞匯化。趨向詞作為結(jié)果補語,對句子的情狀體有一定影響；趨向詞的方向意義向時間意義的轉(zhuǎn)變與人們認(rèn)知過程中時間與空間的聯(lián)系相關(guān)；在特定的語境中,趨向詞可以表示開始和將來的意義；還有的趨向詞與特定動詞結(jié)合時具有時體意義。本文從共時的角度對現(xiàn)代漢語中趨向詞的時體意義做出歸納分析,由于大部分趨向詞的時體意義比較復(fù)雜,時體信息分布比較零散,我們對其進行了比較細(xì)致詳細(xì)的分類。語言是文化的載體,一直在發(fā)展演變,趨向詞的時體意義會越來越顯著,還是會逐漸消失,都有待時間的檢驗。現(xiàn)階段趨向詞的時體意義較為明顯,本文的研究對漢語的體系統(tǒng)研究有一定的補充。
[Abstract]:In Chinese, besides directional meaning, there are also some aspect meanings. The directional word "re" and "go down" have been grammatically transformed into the aspect marks of Chinese, however. Most of the trend words are still semi-empty. This paper mainly analyzes the Chinese trend words "come", "go", "up", "up", "up", "down" "down". This paper uses Smith's bipartite theory to analyze the tense and aspect meaning of the trend word. Smith classifies body appearance into two aspects: the situation represented by lexical means and the viewpoint marked by grammatical means. The basic situation is divided into state, activity, conclusion, achievement and one-off situation. The viewpoint body is divided into complete whole, incomplete whole and neutral body. According to the type of Chinese body appearance, the complete whole is subdivided into short term aspect, continuous complete aspect, near past aspect, perfect aspect, and non-complete whole subdivided into starting body. In addition to the meaning of "go down" is relatively clear, other orientations have a variety of tense meaning, this paper makes a certain analysis of each kind of tense meaning of the trend word. Find out the internal reason of its evolution. The corpus of this paper mainly comes from the Chinese corpus of Peking University, the Modern Chinese Dictionary, the general interpretation of directional complement, and the collected spoken language data through the collation and analysis of the corpus. The main causes of temporal and aspect meaning of directional words are resultant meaning, spatial and temporal relationship conversion, pragmatic factors and lexicalization. As resultant complements, directional words have a certain influence on the situation of sentences. The change from directional meaning to temporal meaning is related to the relationship between time and space in the process of cognition. In a specific context, the orientation word can indicate the meaning of the beginning and the future; From the perspective of synchronic, this paper summarizes and analyzes the tense and aspect meaning of trend words in modern Chinese, because most of them are more complicated. The distribution of temporal and aspect information is scattered, and we have classified it in detail. Language is the carrier of culture, and it has been developing and evolving, the meaning of tense and aspect of directional words will become more and more obvious, or will it disappear gradually. At the present stage, the meaning of tense and aspect of directional words is obvious, and the research in this paper is complementary to the study of Chinese aspect system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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