發(fā)布時間：2018-01-31 01:27

  本文關鍵詞： 勞動教養(yǎng) 收容教育 賣淫嫖娼 收容教育期限 人權保障　出處：《鄭州大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1957年創(chuàng)制并實施的勞動教養(yǎng)制度在其服役56年后壽終正寢。作為我國法律制度的內容之一,該制度在維護社會穩(wěn)定、預防和整治犯罪上發(fā)揮了有力作用。其被廢止的原因在于該制度產生的法治背景的蝶變,在新的依法治國的背景下,該制度的存在缺乏明確的法律依據、缺少必要的制衡措施、勞動教養(yǎng)對象不明確、懲罰的嚴厲性不能與其作為行政處罰的性質所符,故在收容遣送制度被廢除后,在“上訪媽媽”唐慧事件、重慶大學生“村官”任建宇因言獲罪被勞教等事件發(fā)酵后,在學者、司法工作人員、媒體的呼吁下,2013年12月28日全國人大常委會通過了關于廢止有關勞動教養(yǎng)法律規(guī)定的決定。廢止勞動教養(yǎng)制度之后,引發(fā)對與該制度頗為相近的收容教育制度的合法性及其存續(xù)的反思和質疑。法治是動態(tài)變化的過程,法律制度應當因時而變。收容教育制度在我國存有25年的歷史,時至今日,收容教育制度所生的社會環(huán)境時過境遷,而收容教育制度卻鮮有變更,故而飽受詬病,尤其是收容教育的期限較長的問題,遭受理論界的抨擊。不可否認,收容教育期限作為收容教育制度重要內容的,在當前的法治環(huán)境下,確實存在諸多問題:長達6個月至兩年的期限進行限制被收教者人身自由的確存在違反《憲法》基本原則、違反行政法比例原則、違反正當程序原則、缺乏對當事人在不服收容教育期限決定的司法救濟程序、授權公安機關任意不受司法審查的自由裁量權,使得權力行使沒有制約條件,造成實踐中任意決定收容期限、頂格適用兩年期限以及強迫被收教者繳納高額罰款換取較短的收容教育期限的行政腐敗等現象。但并不是說該上述問題不能通過改革以補救,唯有廢除罷了。當前社會中賣淫嫖娼行為不僅群體多樣化且更加隱蔽社會危害大,仍需要對賣淫嫖娼進行整治,主張繼續(xù)保留收容教育制度符合現實要求,進而可以通過對收容教育期限進行改造,以完善該制度存續(xù)的合法性及必要性。收容教育期限的改造并非一步之舉、一蹴而就,而應當在既能實現收容教育制度立法挽救被收教者的初衷上,又能實現維護社會治安道德秩序的目的上,同時又能保障被收教者的人身自由權利不受不當羈押的實質要求下進行收容教育期限的改造。在考慮最大化縮短收容教育期限并取得最優(yōu)化教育效果,應當配合其他教育形式,做到收容教育前——收容教育期間——收容教育后三個階段都能有相應的挽救措施,這樣才能使得壓縮收容教育期限成為科學舉措、保障基本人權。
[Abstract]:In 1957, the re-education through labor system was established and implemented after 56 years of service. As one of the contents of our country's legal system, this system is maintaining social stability. The reason of its abolishment lies in the Butterfly of the background of the rule of law produced by the system. Under the background of the new rule of law, the existence of the system lacks a clear legal basis. Lack of necessary checks and balances, the object of re-education through labor is not clear, the severity of punishment can not be with its nature as administrative punishment, so after the abolition of the system of asylum and deportation, in the "petition mother" Tanghui incident. Chongqing university student "village official" Ren Jianyu because of the sentence was re-education through labor and other incidents ferment, in the appeal of scholars, judicial staff, the media. In December 28th 2013, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress adopted a decision on repealing the relevant legal provisions on re-education through labour. It is the process of dynamic change that leads to the reflection and doubt on the legality and the existence of the institution of asylum education which is quite close to the system. The legal system should change from time to time. There are 25 years of history in our country. To this day, the social environment of the reception education system has changed, but the reception education system has rarely changed. Therefore, it has been criticized, especially the problem of the long term of reception education, which has been criticized by the theoretical circle. Undeniably, as an important part of the reception education system, the period of reception education is under the current environment of the rule of law. Indeed, there are many problems: restrictions on the personal liberty of detainees for a period of up to six months to two years do exist in violation of the basic principles of the Constitution, the principle of proportionality of administrative law and the principle of due process. There is no judicial relief procedure for the party concerned in refusing to accept the decision of the time limit of admission education, and the public security organ is authorized to be free from judicial review at any time, which makes the exercise of the power without restriction. Resulting in arbitrary determination of the duration of admission in practice. The application of the two-year period and the administrative corruption of forced detainees to pay high fines in return for a shorter period of schooling does not mean that the above problems cannot be remedied through reform. Only abolish. In the current society, the behavior of prostitution and whoring is not only diverse and more hidden social harm, but also need to regulate prostitution and prostitute, advocate to continue to retain the education system in line with the practical requirements. Thus, we can improve the legitimacy and necessity of the system by reforming the duration of the education of asylum, which is not a step in one step, but can be accomplished overnight. It should not only realize the original intention of receiving education system legislation to save the educated, but also can achieve the purpose of maintaining public security and moral order. At the same time, it can also protect the right of personal liberty of the receiving person from being improperly detained to carry on the reform of the period of the education of asylum under the essential requirement of improper detention. In consideration of maximizing the shortening of the period of the education of reception and achieving the optimal educational effect. We should cooperate with other forms of education so that there can be corresponding rescue measures in the three stages before and during the period of reception education, so as to make the reduction of the duration of reception education become a scientific measure. Guarantee of basic human rights
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D926.8

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