發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-29 05:03

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思科技觀 生態(tài)文明 綠色發(fā)展　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：科技已成為當(dāng)今社會發(fā)展至關(guān)重要的因素,是現(xiàn)代性的象征和標(biāo)志。人們借助科技實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)力快速發(fā)展,源源不斷地從自然中掠取資源,創(chuàng)造著一個個神話,享受著天堂般的生活。而獲取的利益越大,所付出的代價(jià)也越高,水資源污染,核泄漏,大氣污染等等環(huán)境問題的集中爆發(fā)和不可逆的破壞都反映著人與自然矛盾的激化。面對如此殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)人們必須放慢前進(jìn)的步伐,重新思考科技在發(fā)展中應(yīng)起到的作用,審視人與自然的關(guān)系。科技在人類歷史的發(fā)展中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,原始人鉆木取火就已經(jīng)是利用科技為人的生存提供保障,而隨著科技發(fā)展帶來更多便利的同時(shí)伴隨而來的負(fù)效應(yīng)也隨之增加。馬克思正處于第一次科技大爆發(fā)的時(shí)代,對科技的審視在其思想中具有很重要的作用,也為今后的學(xué)者提供了眾多精神養(yǎng)料。也正是如此,學(xué)界對于馬克思科學(xué)觀的爭論也一直存在,其中不乏對馬克思的片面理解和誤讀。武斷地對馬克思的科技觀進(jìn)行定義,并將其歸為“科技決定論”,把科學(xué)技術(shù)視為人類征服自然的工具。而這種爭論本質(zhì)上就是對馬克思科技觀的偏離,馬克思視野中,科技理論是與資本主義批判、“異化理論”、生產(chǎn)方式的變革等多個理論相結(jié)合,并不只是局限在社會領(lǐng)域,科技與自然之間的關(guān)系也是馬克思思考的立足點(diǎn)之一。本研究在馬克思所處的時(shí)代語境下,合理地運(yùn)用了歷史與邏輯相一致的方法、理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合的方法,以馬克思文本中科技的論述為圓點(diǎn),結(jié)合后期馬克思主義者對其思想的解讀,仔細(xì)分析馬克思科技觀中的生態(tài)思想,并對其進(jìn)行梳理,從而汲取出馬克思科技觀對人與自然、科技與自然關(guān)系的理論核心。使馬克思理論對于當(dāng)今科技發(fā)展煥發(fā)新的活力。并得出以下結(jié)論:第一,馬克思技術(shù)觀中科技是作為人與自然的中介并體現(xiàn)著人對自然的能動性,是人改造自然的實(shí)踐活動。第二,對于馬克思科技觀中的生態(tài)思想不能孤立地評判,科技與自然的問題或人與自然的問題不是狹義的技術(shù)問題,應(yīng)與自然、社會型態(tài)、生產(chǎn)方式等相聯(lián)結(jié)。第三,馬克思的科技觀中關(guān)涉到的生態(tài)思想,雖都是圍繞對資本主義罪惡的揭露以及對無產(chǎn)階級的“憐憫”而展開,但不能因此消解馬克思對生態(tài)問題的敏銳性與前瞻性。第四,馬克思科技觀中的生態(tài)思想與當(dāng)今科技發(fā)展中遇到諸多問題暗合,對生態(tài)文明、科技創(chuàng)新、綠色發(fā)展等重大決策有著積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Science and technology has become a crucial factor in the development of society today, is the symbol and symbol of modernity. People use science and technology to realize the rapid development of productive forces, continue to take resources from nature, create a myth. Enjoy a heavenly life. And the greater the benefits, the higher the cost, water pollution, nuclear leakage. The concentrated explosion and irreversible destruction of environmental problems such as air pollution reflect the intensification of the contradiction between man and nature. In the face of such cruel reality people must slow down the pace of progress. Rethinking the role of science and technology in development, examining the relationship between man and nature, science and technology plays a vital role in the development of human history. Primitive man has been using science and technology to provide protection for human survival. With the development of science and technology brought more convenience and accompanied by the negative effects also increased. Marx is in the first era of the explosion of science and technology, the examination of science and technology plays a very important role in his thoughts. It also provides a lot of spiritual nourishment for the scholars in the future. It is just like this, the debate about Marx's view of science also exists all the time in the academic circles. There is no lack of one-sided understanding and misreading of Marx. Arbitrarily define Marx's view of science and technology, and classify it as "science and technology determinism". To regard science and technology as a tool for human beings to conquer nature is essentially a deviation from Marx's view of science and technology. In Marx's vision, the theory of science and technology is a criticism of capitalism and a "theory of alienation". The combination of many theories, such as the transformation of production mode, is not confined to the social field, but the relationship between science and technology and nature is one of the foothold of Marx's thinking. Reasonable use of the method of history and logic, the combination of theory and practice, the discourse of science and technology in Marx text as a dot, combined with the late Marxist interpretation of his thoughts. Carefully analyze the ecological thought in Marx's view of science and technology, and comb it, so as to draw the Marxist view of science and technology to man and nature. The theoretical core of the relationship between science and technology and nature makes Marx's theory coruscate new vitality for the development of science and technology today, and draws the following conclusions: first. In Marx's view of technology, science and technology is the intermediary between man and nature and reflects the initiative of man to nature, and it is the practical activity of man to transform nature. Secondly, the ecological thought in Marx's view of science and technology cannot be judged in isolation. The problem of science and technology and nature or the problem of man and nature is not a narrow technical problem, but should be connected with nature, social type, production mode and so on. Third, the ecological thought involved in Marx's view of science and technology. Although they all revolve around the exposure of capitalist evils and the "pity" for the proletariat, they cannot dispel Marx's sensitivity and foresight to ecological problems. 4th. The ecological thought in Marx's view of science and technology coincides with many problems encountered in the development of science and technology today, which has positive significance for the important decision making of ecological civilization, scientific and technological innovation, green development and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X2;A81

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