發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-17 05:04

  本文選題：幼兒 + 社交退縮��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：社交退縮是兒童在熟悉或陌生情景中表現(xiàn)出來的各種獨(dú)處行為。作為幼兒階段較為頻發(fā)的內(nèi)化問題之一,社交退縮已被證明是造成幼兒觀點(diǎn)采擇能力低、情緒功能障礙和消極自我概念的潛在危險(xiǎn)因素,將會(huì)對幼兒社會(huì)適應(yīng)產(chǎn)生諸多不利的影響。根據(jù)皮亞杰認(rèn)知發(fā)展理論和班杜拉的社會(huì)發(fā)展理論,同伴交往是幼兒學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)規(guī)則,提高社交技能的基本途徑,缺乏同伴交往將會(huì)減慢甚至阻斷幼兒社會(huì)化進(jìn)程,導(dǎo)致幼兒社會(huì)適應(yīng)問題的產(chǎn)生。因此,研究者逐漸關(guān)注那些“游離于同伴群體之外”的社交退縮幼兒,探究這一問題行為產(chǎn)生的原因和機(jī)制,對之進(jìn)行有效干預(yù)與矯正。社交退縮的形成原因是復(fù)雜多元的,本研究試圖從父母心理控制、幼兒情緒調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)外兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行研究。父母心理控制是指父母對子女的心理過程施加影響,將自己的思想強(qiáng)加給子女對其進(jìn)行控制的行為。近年來,有研究證明父母過度心理控制會(huì)使子女產(chǎn)生抑郁、焦慮等情緒功能障礙,更容易導(dǎo)致社會(huì)適應(yīng)問題的產(chǎn)生,并且這種不良影響在幼兒階段已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)Parke和Buriel“情緒調(diào)節(jié)在親子互動(dòng)與兒童社會(huì)能力之間具有中介作用”的理論判斷,幼兒情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略可能在父母心理控制與社交退縮之間起著特殊的作用。本研究采取整群抽樣法,選取濟(jì)南市某幼兒園3-6歲幼兒共420名作為研究對象。采用問卷調(diào)查法,由教師評價(jià)幼兒在園社交退縮狀況,由家長評價(jià)幼兒的情緒調(diào)節(jié)狀況,以及自身對子女的心理控制水平。采用t檢驗(yàn)、相關(guān)分析考察幼兒社交退縮的一般特點(diǎn),及幼兒社交退縮與情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略、父母心理控制的關(guān)系。采用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的方法探究幼兒情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略在父母心理控制與社交退縮間的中介作用,主要得出以下結(jié)論:第一,幼兒社交退縮總分的年齡差異不顯著,被動(dòng)退縮得分的年齡差異顯著,大班顯著低于小、中班;幼兒社交退縮及亞型沒有顯著的性別差異;獨(dú)生子女社交退縮總分邊緣顯著高于非獨(dú)生子女,被動(dòng)退縮得分極顯著高于非獨(dú)生子女。第二,被動(dòng)退縮與父親保護(hù)兒童、母親情感支持呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與母親愛的收回呈顯著正相關(guān)。沉默害羞與被動(dòng)應(yīng)付呈極顯著正相關(guān);主動(dòng)退縮與認(rèn)知重建呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與被動(dòng)應(yīng)付呈極顯著正相關(guān);被動(dòng)退縮與認(rèn)知重建呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與發(fā)泄呈顯著正相關(guān)。第三,認(rèn)知重建在父親積極心理控制與幼兒被動(dòng)退縮間起完全中介做用;被動(dòng)應(yīng)付在父親消極心理控制與沉默害羞、主動(dòng)退縮間起完全中介作用。第四,被動(dòng)應(yīng)付在母親消極心理控制與沉默害羞、主動(dòng)退縮間起完全中介作用。
[Abstract]:Social withdrawal is a variety of solitude behaviors that children exhibit in familiar or unfamiliar situations.As one of the more frequent internalization problems in early childhood, social withdrawal has been proved to be a potential risk factor for young children's low ability to take opinions, emotional dysfunction and negative self-concept.Will have a lot of adverse effects on children's social adaptation.According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development and Bandura's theory of social development, peer interaction is the basic way for children to learn social rules and improve their social skills. Lack of peer interaction will slow down or even block the process of children's socialization.Lead to the emergence of social adaptation of young children.Therefore, the researchers gradually pay attention to the social withdrawal children who "deviate from the peer group", explore the causes and mechanisms of the problem behavior, and carry out effective intervention and correction.The causes of social withdrawal are complex and multivariate. This study attempts to study the relationship between parents' psychological control and children's emotional regulation.Parental psychological control refers to the behavior of parents exerting influence on their children's psychological process and imposing their own thoughts on them.In recent years, some studies have proved that excessive psychological control of parents can lead to depression, anxiety and other emotional dysfunction, which is more likely to lead to social adaptation problems, and this adverse effect has been produced in early childhood.According to Parke and Buriel's theory that emotional regulation plays an intermediary role between parent-child interaction and children's social ability, emotional regulation strategies may play a special role between parents' psychological control and social withdrawal.In this study, 420 children aged 3 to 6 years old in a kindergarten in Jinan were selected by cluster sampling.The questionnaire was used to evaluate the social withdrawal of children in the kindergarten by teachers, and the emotional regulation of children by parents, as well as the psychological control level of their children.T test and correlation analysis were used to investigate the general characteristics of children's social withdrawal, and the relationship between social withdrawal and emotional adjustment strategies, parents' psychological control.By using the structural equation model to explore the mediating role of emotional regulation strategies between parents' psychological control and social withdrawal, the main conclusions are as follows: first, the age difference of total score of children's social withdrawal is not significant.The score of passive withdrawal was significantly lower in large class than in middle class; there was no significant gender difference in social withdrawal and subtype of children; the total score of social withdrawal of only child was significantly higher than that of non-only child.The score of passive withdrawal was significantly higher than that of non-only child.Second, passive withdrawal was negatively correlated with the father's protection of children, mother's emotional support was negatively correlated with the recovery of mother's love.Silence shyness was significantly positively correlated with passive coping; active withdrawal was negatively correlated with cognitive reconstruction; passive retreat was significantly negatively correlated with passive coping; passive withdrawal was significantly negatively correlated with cognitive reconstruction; and active withdrawal was positively correlated with venting.Thirdly, cognitive reconstruction plays a complete intermediary role between father's active psychological control and children's passive withdrawal, and passive coping plays a complete intermediary role between father's passive psychological control and silence and shyness.Fourth, passive coping acts as a complete mediator between mother's negative psychological control and silence, shyness and active withdrawal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B844.12

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本文編號(hào)：1762171