發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-10 19:10

  本文選題：白色單頭切花菊雜交F_1代株系 + 觀賞性��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：菊花(Chrysanthemum×morifolium Ramat.)是我國傳統(tǒng)名花,也是世界著名的四大切花之一。近年來我國的切花菊產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,除內(nèi)銷外,也大量出口日本、韓國等,其中日本為切花菊的主要消費(fèi)國,尤其是白色單頭切花菊的需求巨大。但目前我國白色單頭切花菊品種主要為夏菊‘優(yōu)香’和‘巖白扇’、秋菊‘神馬’等,均為日本培育品種,一則一些品種需要支付品種保護(hù)費(fèi),增加了企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)；同時(shí)由于引進(jìn)品種單一,不能夠滿足我國不同氣候、設(shè)施和市場(chǎng)特點(diǎn)的需求,因此迫切需要培育出具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的綜合性質(zhì)優(yōu)良的品種。為此,本試驗(yàn)以雜交育種獲得的雜交F1代株系為材料,建立白色單頭切花菊的綜合性狀評(píng)價(jià)體系,并對(duì)59個(gè)雜交后代初選株系進(jìn)行觀賞性性狀、抗性等性狀評(píng)價(jià),計(jì)算其綜合品質(zhì)得分并分級(jí),以選育綜合性狀優(yōu)秀的株系,為進(jìn)一步選定新品種奠定基礎(chǔ)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系觀賞性綜合評(píng)價(jià)根據(jù)國內(nèi)外單頭切花菊的商品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,選擇花徑、花色亮白度、花型、瓶插后的花序壽命和水養(yǎng)開放度等12個(gè)性狀為觀賞性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),對(duì)59個(gè)白色單頭切花菊雜交F1代株系的觀賞性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了觀察和統(tǒng)計(jì)。構(gòu)建了白色單頭切花菊雜交株系觀賞性綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,確定了各因子最終的綜合權(quán)重值,其中花色亮白度對(duì)白色單頭切花菊觀賞性影響最大,權(quán)重值為0.229,其次為瓶插花序壽命、瓶插開放度和花徑,權(quán)重值分別為0.131、0.131、0.109。分別計(jì)算59個(gè)雜交F1代株系的觀賞性綜合得分,利用類間平均鏈鎖法(Between-groups Linkage)并根據(jù)各株系觀賞性綜合得分的聚類中心值劃分為優(yōu)、良、一般3個(gè)等級(jí),各級(jí)株系數(shù)量分別為27、22、10,所占比例分別為45.8%、37.3%、16.9%。2.白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系抗性評(píng)價(jià)從對(duì)觀賞性優(yōu)良的30個(gè)株系進(jìn)行抗蚜蟲性和耐澇性試驗(yàn)。抗蚜蟲性試驗(yàn)采用苗期室內(nèi)人工接種蚜蟲,統(tǒng)計(jì)蚜量比值的方法進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)；結(jié)果表明,各株系間抗蚜蟲性差異顯著,母本擁有蚜蟲抗性的雜交組合中篩選出了1個(gè)中抗、2個(gè)抗性株系,另一個(gè)親本都為低抗的雜交組合后代中出現(xiàn)超親現(xiàn)象,有1個(gè)抗性株系,其他都為低抗與不抗株系。耐澇性通過苗期盆栽水淹法,觀察植株在澇性脅迫過程中水淹壽命、葉色、葉片形態(tài)和莖干形態(tài)四個(gè)表型性狀,對(duì)各株系進(jìn)行打分,在不進(jìn)行加權(quán)處理?xiàng)l件下計(jì)算各材料的總得分。最后利用層次分析法和K-Means聚類分析法對(duì)各株系進(jìn)行分級(jí),最終將各株系分為5個(gè)等級(jí),得到耐澇性材料2個(gè),較耐澇的4個(gè),中度耐澇的7個(gè),較不耐澇的14個(gè),不耐澇的12個(gè)。3.白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系綜合性狀評(píng)價(jià)將切花菊的觀賞性品質(zhì)、抗性品質(zhì)和生產(chǎn)特性綜合起來,建立白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系綜合性狀層次分析評(píng)價(jià)體系。計(jì)算各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,對(duì)各株系進(jìn)行打分,總得分利用K-Means聚類分析進(jìn)行分級(jí),將30個(gè)株系劃分為3個(gè)等級(jí),數(shù)字3、2、1分別代表F1代綜合性狀品質(zhì)優(yōu)、良、一般,聚類中心為2.3516、2.0643、1.7666。其中優(yōu)等級(jí)株系有6個(gè),占20%,該等級(jí)株系花色亮白、生產(chǎn)特性優(yōu)秀；良等級(jí)株系有13個(gè),占43.3%,該等級(jí)植株花色潔白,各性狀均優(yōu)良；一般等級(jí)株系有11個(gè),占36.7%,花色白,性狀表現(xiàn)一般。篩選出優(yōu)良品種6個(gè)。
[Abstract]:Flos Chrysanthemi ( Ramat . ) It is one of the most famous flowers in China , and it is one of the famous four cutting flowers in the world . In recent years , China ' s flower and flower industry has developed rapidly . In recent years , China ' s flower - flower chrysanthemum industry has been developing rapidly . In addition to the domestic sales , Japan is the main consumer of cut chrysanthemum , especially the white single - headed flower chrysanthemum . However , the white single - headed chrysanthemum variety is mainly the summer chrysanthemum ' Youxiang ' and ' rock white fan ' , the autumn chrysanthemum ' Shenma ' and so on , all of which are Japanese breeding varieties , and a variety of varieties need to pay the variety protection fee , increase the enterprise burden ;
A comprehensive evaluation system was established to evaluate the ornamental characters of the hybrid F1 generation lines . The results were as follows : 1 . The ornamental comprehensive evaluation system of the hybrid F1 generation lines of white single - head cut chrysanthemum was established . The results were as follows : 1 . The comprehensive evaluation system of the hybrid F1 generation lines of the white single - headed flower chrysanthemum was established .
The results showed that there was a significant difference in aphid resistance among all lines . In the hybrid combinations with resistance to aphid , there were 1 middle and two resistant strains , and the other parents had four phenotypic traits of low resistance to waterlogging .
There were 13 ( 43 . 3 % ) good grade strains , and the plants were white and excellent in all characters .
There were 11 general grade strains , which accounted for 36 . 7 % , the color was white and the characters showed general . 6 varieties were screened out .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：S682.11

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 宋威;祝朋芳;;離子注入法誘變菊花及嵌合體分離的研究[J];北方園藝;2010年03期

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本文編號(hào)：1870521