發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-30 03:42

  本文選題：傳統(tǒng)武術(shù) + 法律保護(hù)��； 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：悠悠中華，五千年的文明化歷程；炎黃子孫，自強(qiáng)不息的奮進(jìn)精神；孕育出了光輝燦爛的華夏文明。傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)作為其中一顆耀眼明珠，不僅是我國(guó)重要的傳統(tǒng)文化組成部分，更是我國(guó)優(yōu)秀的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目。但是，隨著農(nóng)耕文明的坍塌，社會(huì)環(huán)境的改變，傳承方式的滯后，傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的生存狀況日益艱難，發(fā)展前景不容樂(lè)觀。因此，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)進(jìn)行保護(hù)進(jìn)而謀求振興之路變得刻不容緩。 探尋傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的保護(hù)之路，要從研究傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的法律保護(hù)開(kāi)始。研究傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的法律保護(hù)為傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的振興提供了制度保障。 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)法律保護(hù)的研究成果較多，對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)法律保護(hù)的研究成果相對(duì)較少。鑒于傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)法律保護(hù)的迫切需要，本文在已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)查閱文獻(xiàn)，訪談專(zhuān)家以及邏輯推理等研究方法，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的法律保護(hù)模式進(jìn)行一些探究，不僅具有重要的理論意義，而且存在一定的實(shí)踐價(jià)值。 首先，通過(guò)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)相關(guān)概念的界定，明確了傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)概念的內(nèi)涵和外延。確定了傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的文化歸屬是“民族傳統(tǒng)文化”和“傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)”。由此得出，傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)作為重要的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目，自然地受到非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，作為一種知識(shí)產(chǎn)品還應(yīng)該受到知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。 其次，在傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)法律保護(hù)的法理依據(jù)中，運(yùn)用了“主權(quán)理論”和“人權(quán)理論”進(jìn)行研究。主權(quán)理論認(rèn)為，國(guó)家主權(quán)神圣不可侵犯，其理論的重要組成部分中包含文化主權(quán)的內(nèi)容。認(rèn)為，民族的文化主權(quán)和國(guó)家主權(quán)一樣，神圣不可侵犯，，保護(hù)民族的文化主權(quán)就是捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)。人權(quán)理論認(rèn)為，人的權(quán)利包括生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)和文化權(quán)。保護(hù)人權(quán)，不能放棄人的文化權(quán)利。文化權(quán)利包括人對(duì)文化的需求權(quán)、傳承權(quán)和使用權(quán)。研究傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的法律保護(hù)，我們要站在文化的角度，從捍衛(wèi)主權(quán)、保護(hù)人權(quán)的高度進(jìn)行審視。 建國(guó)以來(lái)，在黨和國(guó)家有關(guān)部門(mén)的組織、策劃下，傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的保護(hù)工作取得了不菲的成績(jī)，但是，任然沒(méi)有達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)，其侵權(quán)事件屢發(fā)不絕，法律保護(hù)如同盲區(qū)。究其原因，主要是保護(hù)意識(shí)淡薄、相關(guān)理論欠缺、保障制度不夠完善所致。 最后，通過(guò)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)法律保護(hù)要素的分析，厘清了傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)法律保護(hù)關(guān)系的主體是公民、法人、其他組織、國(guó)家等；主體權(quán)利義務(wù)指向的眾多對(duì)象構(gòu)成了權(quán)利的客體；主體之間形成的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系形成了權(quán)利的內(nèi)容，主要包括人身精神權(quán)和人身財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)兩個(gè)方面。 由此得出結(jié)論，傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的法律保護(hù)模式主要有兩種。一種是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)模式，另一種是非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)權(quán)模式。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)模式屬于私法領(lǐng)域，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)權(quán)模式屬于公法領(lǐng)域。二者對(duì)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)進(jìn)行的法律保護(hù)是互補(bǔ)性的雙重保護(hù)。這種雙重保護(hù)模式有助于兩種法律制度之間互為補(bǔ)充、取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，不僅保護(hù)了權(quán)利人的私權(quán)利益，而且保障了非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)權(quán)的公益性特征。有助于權(quán)利人的相關(guān)利益得到保護(hù)，有助于傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的傳承、創(chuàng)新和利用。
[Abstract]:The civilization of the Chinese, the five thousand years of civilization, the descendants of the Chinese and the descendants of the Chinese and the descendants of the sun, and the spirit of self-improvement, have bred brilliant Chinese civilization. As one of the dazzling pearl, traditional Wushu is not only an important part of our traditional culture, but also an outstanding non physical cultural heritage project in China. However, with the collapse of farming civilization. Because of the collapse, the change of the social environment and the lag of the way of inheritance, the survival of traditional Wushu is becoming more and more difficult, and the prospect of development is not optimistic. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the traditional Wushu and seek the way to revitalize it.
To explore the protection of traditional Wushu, we should start from the study of the legal protection of traditional Wushu. The study of the legal protection of traditional Wushu provides a system guarantee for the revitalization of traditional Wushu.
At present, there are many research achievements on the legal protection of intangible cultural heritage at home and abroad. The research achievements on the legal protection of traditional Wushu are relatively few. In view of the urgent need of the legal protection of traditional martial arts, on the basis of the existing research achievements, this article talks about the literature, interviews with experts and logical reasoning and other research methods, to the traditional martial arts. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to probe into the legal protection mode of operation.
First, through the definition of the related concepts of traditional Wushu, the connotation and extension of the concept of traditional martial arts are clarified. The cultural attribution of traditional martial arts is "national traditional culture" and "traditional knowledge". Thus, it is concluded that traditional Wushu, as an important non material cultural heritage project, is naturally protected by the right of intangible cultural heritage. A knowledge product should also be protected by intellectual property rights.
Secondly, in the legal basis of the legal protection of traditional martial arts, the "sovereignty theory" and "human rights theory" are used to study. Sovereignty theory holds that the national sovereignty is sacred and inviolable, and the important part of its theory contains the content of cultural sovereignty. It is considered that the national sovereignty and national sovereignty are sacred and inviolable. The cultural sovereignty of protecting the nation is to defend the sovereignty of the state. The human rights theory holds that human rights include the right to existence, the right to development and the right to culture. To protect human rights, we can not give up the cultural rights of human beings. Cultural rights include the right to demand, inheritance and use of culture. The defence of sovereignty and the protection of human rights should be examined.
Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, under the organization of the party and the relevant departments of the state, the protection of traditional martial arts has been made a lot of achievements. However, it has not reached the expected goal, its tort events are repeated, and the legal protection is like a blind area. The main reason is to protect the meaning of consciousness, the lack of relevant theories, and the inadequate security system.
Finally, through the analysis of the elements of the legal protection of traditional martial arts, it clarifies that the main body of the legal protection of traditional martial arts is citizens, legal persons, other organizations, and the state, and so on. Many objects of the subject rights and obligations constitute the object of the rights; the rights and obligations formed between the subjects form the content of the rights, mainly including the personal essence. The two aspects of theocracy and the property rights of the human body.
It draws a conclusion that there are two main legal protection modes of traditional Wushu. One is the intellectual property model, the other is the intangible cultural heritage right mode. The intellectual property model belongs to the private law field, the non material cultural heritage right mode belongs to the public law field. The legal protection of the traditional martial arts is the double protection of the complementarity of the two. The dual protection mode is helpful to complement and complement each other between the two legal systems. It not only protects the interests of the rights holders' private rights, but also protects the public welfare characteristics of the intangible cultural heritage rights. It helps to protect the interests of the right people and help the heritage, innovation and use of traditional martial arts.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G852;D922.16

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張春燕;;武術(shù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的內(nèi)容及法律保護(hù)[J];北京體育大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年03期

2 王滬寧;文化擴(kuò)張與文化主權(quán)：對(duì)主權(quán)觀念的挑戰(zhàn)[J];復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1994年03期

3 楊明;;傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的法律保護(hù):模式選擇與制度設(shè)計(jì)[J];法商研究;2006年01期

4 青崢;;國(guó)外保護(hù)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)狀[J];觀察與思考;2007年14期

5 葉鵬;蔡寶忠;;從“非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)”的高度審視傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的保護(hù)問(wèn)題[J];廣州體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2008年01期

6 桑全喜;傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)規(guī)范與發(fā)展的理性思考[J];吉林體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年01期

7 劉晉元,常寶臣,孫艷;傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)創(chuàng)新的哲學(xué)思考[J];山東體育科技;2004年02期

8 趙國(guó)慶;傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)真意的思考與尋繹——兼論武術(shù)的新分類(lèi)[J];體育文化導(dǎo)刊;2003年09期

9 劉暉;;我國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)之傳統(tǒng)體育文化的保護(hù)與傳承[J];體育與科學(xué);2007年06期

10 張峰;;非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)視野下的傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)保護(hù)方法[J];體育與科學(xué);2008年05期

本文編號(hào)：1822945