發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-15 06:59

【摘要】：《榆樹下的欲望》是“美國現(xiàn)代戲劇之父”尤金·奧尼爾的名作之一,是一個(gè)家庭倫理悲劇。老凱勃特雖然年事已高,但擁有一座漂亮農(nóng)場的雄心不減,他健壯,獨(dú)斷,先后累死了兩任妻子,讓三個(gè)兒子做農(nóng)場的免費(fèi)苦力。他是農(nóng)場上的“石頭上帝”,是家中惟一的聲音。他的第三任妻子愛碧自幼生活困頓,又經(jīng)歷了家庭和婚姻的不幸,三十五歲的她之所以嫁給七十多歲的老凱勃特也是迫于生計(jì),她想以此占有農(nóng)場。在一步步實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的過程中,她和繼子伊本之間發(fā)生了亂倫,繼而她對農(nóng)場的占有欲被對純潔愛情的渴望所代替,最終釀成了她親手殺死自己剛出生不久嬰兒的悲劇。伊本是凱勃特的小兒子,他也是一心想占有他認(rèn)為應(yīng)該屬于已經(jīng)過世的母親的農(nóng)場。在和繼母愛碧爭奪農(nóng)場的過程中,他們之間卻碰撞出了愛情的火花。 法國哲學(xué)家米歇爾·�？略凇动偘d與文明》一書中所提出的“瘋癲”理論為我們理解這部劇作打開了一扇新的窗口。�？抡J(rèn)為“瘋癲”是發(fā)生在人類身上的一種精神現(xiàn)象,和“理性”一起在人類身上共存�！袄硇浴焙汀隘偘d”這兩種力量處于無休止的斗爭之中,而斗爭的結(jié)果往往給人類帶來悲劇。 �？掳询偘d劃分為三種主要類型：狂妄自大的瘋癲、正義懲罰的瘋癲和絕望情欲的瘋癲。從《榆樹下的欲望》的劇情發(fā)展來判斷,劇中三個(gè)主人公凱勃特、愛碧和伊本的行為都違背常理,都是瘋癲的表現(xiàn)。他們的瘋癲行為分別對應(yīng)了�？绿岢龅倪@三種瘋癲類型。通過分析主人公的不同瘋癲表現(xiàn),論文得出結(jié)論：既然人類身上存在著理性和瘋癲兩種感情,在我們面臨誘惑時(shí),應(yīng)該盡力讓理性主導(dǎo)我們的判斷；否則,相似的悲劇就不可避免。 論文共分序言、四個(gè)章節(jié)和結(jié)語幾個(gè)部分。 序言簡要介紹了劇作家奧尼爾和劇本《榆樹下的欲望》的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,最后指出論文的研究目的和意義。 第一章是對�？炉偘d理論的簡單介紹,重點(diǎn)闡述了福柯對瘋癲的三種主要形式的劃分及其含義。 第二章分析老凱勃特狂妄自大的瘋癲。他健壯、刻薄、目中無人,是農(nóng)場的“石頭上帝”和家中惟一的聲音。 第三章分析愛碧正義懲罰的瘋癲。為了占有農(nóng)場,她與繼子發(fā)生了亂倫并繼而產(chǎn)生了真情,這都會(huì)給她帶來倫理和道德上的不安。最后她的殺嬰行為更是讓她難逃法律的正義制裁。 第四章分析伊本絕望情欲的瘋癲。原先一心只想占有農(nóng)場的伊本在愛碧的色誘下,一下子由物質(zhì)的囚徒變成了絕望情欲的男人。母親的叮囑、自己的使命甚至自己的生命等和愛碧相比都變得無足輕重,絕望的情欲已經(jīng)占有了他的全部理性空間,他變成了一個(gè)“愛情”的瘋子。 結(jié)論部分指出,凱勃特家的悲劇是由劇中主人公的瘋癲行為造成的：他們的人生是瘋狂的人生。該劇對現(xiàn)代人充滿了啟迪：面對各種誘惑時(shí),讓我們多一些理性,少一些瘋癲。
[Abstract]:Desire under the Elm is one of Eugene O'Neill 's masterpieces in the Father of American Modern Drama and a family ethical tragedy. Old as he was, he had no less ambition to own a beautiful farm. He was strong and assertive, killing two wives and making his three sons the free coolies of the farm. He was the "stone God" on the farm, the only voice in the family. His third wife, Abby, had lived in poverty since childhood and had experienced family and marriage. At 35, she had also been forced to make a living by marrying Capote, an older woman in her seventies, who wanted to occupy the farm. In the process of achieving her goal, incest broke out between her stepson Ibne and her possessiveness of the farm was replaced by the desire for pure love, which eventually led to the tragedy of killing her newborn baby with her own hands. Ibne, the youngest son of Cabt, also wanted to own the farm he thought belonged to his dead mother. In the course of fighting for the farm with their stepmother Abby, they collided with each other in a spark of love. The theory of "madness" put forward by French philosopher Michel Foucault in Mad and Civilization opens a new window for us to understand this play. Foucault thinks that "madness" is a kind of spiritual phenomenon that occurs in human beings and coexists with reason. The two forces of reason and madness are in endless struggle, and the result of the struggle often brings tragedy to mankind. Foucault divides madness into three main types: conceited madness, just punishment madness and desperate lust madness. Judging from the plot development of desire under the Elm, the three protagonists, Cabt, Abby and Ibne, are all perverse and insane. Their crazy behavior corresponds to the three types of madness proposed by Foucault. By analyzing the different crazy behaviors of the protagonists, the paper draws a conclusion: since there are two kinds of emotions in human beings, rational and insane, we should try our best to let reason dominate our judgment when we are faced with temptation; Otherwise, similar tragedies are inevitable. The paper is divided into preface, four chapters and conclusion several parts. The preface briefly introduces the research situation of playwright O'Neill and the play desire under the Elms at home and abroad, and finally points out the purpose and significance of the research. The first chapter is a brief introduction to Foucault's theory of madness, focusing on the classification and meaning of three main forms of Foucault's madness. Chapter two analyzes the conceited madness of old Cabt. He was strong, mean, and arrogant, the only voice of the farm's stone God and his family. Chapter three analyzes the madness of justice punishment. In order to occupy the farm, she had incest with her stepson, which led to moral and moral uneasiness. In the end, her infanticide made it hard for her to escape justice from the law. Chapter four analyzes Ibne's madness of desperate passion. Ibne, once intent on owning the farm, was seduced by Abby and changed from a material prisoner to a desperate man. Mother's advice that his mission, even his life, was insignificant compared to Abby, that desperate lust had taken over all his rational space, and that he had become a madman of "love". The conclusion points out that the tragedy of the Capote family is caused by the crazy behavior of the protagonists: their lives are crazy. The play is full of inspiration to modern people: in the face of all kinds of temptations, let us be more rational and less insane.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.073

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