發(fā)布時間：2018-07-07 21:40

  本文選題：古代突厥語 + 哈薩克語��； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：哈薩克語詞源研究,最重要的語料是古代突厥語的各個歷史時期的文獻(xiàn)語言。古代突厥語碑銘研究已進(jìn)行一個多世紀(jì),目前主要的任務(wù)是古代突厥語本身及其與現(xiàn)代突厥語的比較研究研究和語言史的研究等。本項研究的重點(diǎn)為古代突厥語詞在哈薩克語中的演變。采用的主要方法是語言歷史的比較和描寫方法。研究對象以古今語言詞語的形式與意義為主,即詞語的語音的變化、語音結(jié)構(gòu)的演變、詞語結(jié)構(gòu)的演變、詞義的演變以及某些相關(guān)形態(tài)的演變等。研究內(nèi)容主要為語言歷史和詞源詮釋。研究試圖揭示古代突厥語詞在現(xiàn)代哈薩克語中的演變及其基本規(guī)律以及哈薩克語詞匯系統(tǒng)與古代語言的種種的淵源關(guān)系。論文由緒論、正文及附錄三個部分組成。緒論包括研究目的、研究意義、研究方法以及哈薩克語詞源學(xué)研究現(xiàn)狀等內(nèi)容。對哈薩克語詞匯演變研究現(xiàn)狀的介紹部分,我們根據(jù)搜集的資料,對國內(nèi)外主要研究成果進(jìn)行了回顧、介紹及說明,并對國內(nèi)外語言學(xué)界就此領(lǐng)域的研究做了一般性評述。正文分四個部分。第一部分為古代突厥語語音在哈薩克語中的演變情況。本章包括“古今語音對應(yīng)關(guān)系”、“語音脫落和增音”、“古今語音變化對哈薩克語詞匯發(fā)展的影響”以及“古今語音對應(yīng)變化的特點(diǎn)”等內(nèi)容。在“古今語音對應(yīng)關(guān)系”一節(jié),通過實例對古今語音進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的比較,力圖揭示二者之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,并考察了某些語音的分化、合并和轉(zhuǎn)化等演變特征。對古今語音在詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的變化情況以表格的方式做了歸納。通過詞的語音的各種演變與現(xiàn)代語言的關(guān)系,歸納、分析、解釋這種變化的具體過程、結(jié)果,特別是它對哈薩克語詞匯的影響,如語音演變造成的新詞,對常規(guī)變化和特殊變化進(jìn)行了較為細(xì)致的描寫,并對這些變化的原因提出了個人的觀點(diǎn)和評述。第二和第三部分是本文的主要內(nèi)容。這兩部分內(nèi)容對古代突厥語與哈薩克語詞的結(jié)構(gòu)演變進(jìn)行了比較研究。所選實例均采自古代突厥語的各種文獻(xiàn)、工具書及相關(guān)研究論著,比較的材料具有普遍性和代表性。詞的結(jié)構(gòu)以音節(jié)類型從簡到繁分類,考察以形式和意義、原因和結(jié)果、分析和研究并舉,以個例歸納一般,以部分概況整體,力求將古今語言詞語的各種關(guān)系梳理清楚�？疾熳允贾两K以古今語言詞根為比較的主體,由此觀察它的演變、解析構(gòu)詞過程及對現(xiàn)代語言的影響范圍、程度和結(jié)果等。第三部分還比較分析了古今語言固定詞組和復(fù)合詞的演變及其對現(xiàn)代語言的影響,并對其結(jié)構(gòu)和意義、繼承與變化等問題。通過實例說明古今詞義的擴(kuò)大、縮小、轉(zhuǎn)義以及感情色彩等各種變化的情況,從而揭示了哈薩克語詞語的內(nèi)部演變過程。文中對各種演變特征,分析研究過程、特點(diǎn)均有歸納總結(jié)。第四部分主要包括四個方面的內(nèi)容。第一由古代突厥語的演變形成的哈薩克語的詞族。結(jié)合實例對于詞族的概念、形成特點(diǎn),古今詞語之間的具體同族關(guān)系及原因做出了分析、概括。這一部分同樣從語音和語義變化兩個方面對哈薩克語部分詞語之間的同族關(guān)系進(jìn)行了辨析。通過這種分析方法揭示了哈薩克語中的語音相近、語義相關(guān)的一些詞語的來源及它們與古代語言之間的淵源關(guān)系；通過比較古今詞義之間的聯(lián)系,探討了哈薩克語部分詞語之間的意義關(guān)系。最后,為了進(jìn)一步了解哈薩克語同族詞,我們詳細(xì)分析了個別語音的演變以及受此演變影響而形成的哈薩克語同族詞。這一部分還探討了在哈薩克語中沒有單獨(dú)意義并且不能單獨(dú)使用的僵化詞的詞源問題,分析了其在古今語言中的意義和作用。第三、第四節(jié)內(nèi)容涉及到哈薩克語某些附加成分本身的語法意義和附加在詞語之后產(chǎn)生的新意并將它與古代突厥語相關(guān)詞語的功能和意義作了比較,進(jìn)而說明哈薩克語的某些附加成分是由古代突厥語某些詞語演變而成的結(jié)論。然后,根據(jù)哈薩克語某些后置詞的詞匯意義和語法意義,將它與古代突厥語相關(guān)詞語的意義作比較,從而確定哈薩克語的某些后置詞是古代突厥語某些詞語發(fā)展演變的結(jié)果。通過各種實例的考察與分析,可以認(rèn)為,古代突厥語詞不但對哈薩克語詞匯發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了影響,而且對語法發(fā)展也起到了一定的作用。本章還從語音、方言、附加成分三個方面探討了古代突厥語詞在哈薩克語的保留情況,對變體的對應(yīng)規(guī)律、古音在哈薩克語不同區(qū)域或方言中的保留,并對個案與一般的關(guān)系等特點(diǎn)做出了歸納與總結(jié)。語言歷史的研究也是語言發(fā)展規(guī)律的研究,它是對古今語言關(guān)系的因果性、理論性給予解釋。它需要揭示語言事實,而且要在扎實的材料基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行理論性的探索,使具體語言事實的分析具有理論的深度,而理論要建立在具體事實的具體分析之中。本項研究依據(jù)合理、材料可靠、全面、分析比較深入。古代突厥語文獻(xiàn)中的詞在哈薩克語中的發(fā)展演變雖有個案研究,但是這種研究基本為局部的或零星的,難以構(gòu)成系統(tǒng)的理論,需要進(jìn)一步研究和完善。本項研究以較大規(guī)模的詞語數(shù)量來研究古代突厥語詞在哈薩克語中的演變,因此,它具有系統(tǒng)性。研究中以語音、詞義和詞的結(jié)構(gòu)的演變?yōu)橹饕�探討對�?采用以古突厥語與哈薩克語之間的縱向研究,兼及現(xiàn)代突厥諸語言之間的橫向比較,為揭示、說明問題也采用其他行之有效的方法和材料,為哈薩克語詞的詞源研究提供歷史依據(jù),故本研究在突厥語歷史比較語言學(xué)和哈薩克語言史的研究方面具有重要的理論價值。
[Abstract]:The study of the etymology of the Kazakh language, the most important corpus is the literature language of the ancient Turkic language. The ancient Turkic inscriptions have been studied for more than a century. The main task is the ancient Turkic language itself, the comparative study of the modern Turkic language and the study of the history of language. The focus of this study is the ancient process. The main method used in the Kazak language is the comparison and description of the language history. The research object is mainly the form and meaning of the ancient and modern language words, that is, the change of the words, the evolution of the phonetic structure, the evolution of the word structure, the evolution of the word meaning and the evolution of some related forms. For the interpretation of language history and etymology, the study tries to reveal the evolution and basic rules of the ancient Turkic words in the modern Kazakh language and the origin of the Kazakh language system and the ancient language. The thesis consists of three parts: introduction, text and appendix. The introduction includes research purposes, research significance, research methods and haste. The present situation of the study of the sack etymology and so on. In the introduction of the present situation of the study on the evolution of Kazak language, we have reviewed, introduced and explained the main research results at home and abroad, and made general comments on the research in the field of linguistics both at home and abroad. The main body is divided into four parts. The first part is the ancient times. The evolution of the Turkic speech in the Kazakh language. This chapter includes "the corresponding relationship between the ancient and modern phonetics", "the phonetic exfoliation and the sound enhancement", "the influence of the phonetic changes in the ancient and modern times on the development of the Kazak language" and "the characteristics of the corresponding changes in the ancient and modern phonetics". It makes a detailed comparison, tries to reveal the corresponding relationship between the two, and investigates the evolution characteristics of some phonetic differentiation, merger and transformation. The change of the ancient and modern speech in the word structure is summed up in the form of tabular form. The specific process, the result, especially its influence on the Kazak language, such as the new words caused by the phonetic evolution, gives a more detailed description of the conventional and special changes, and puts forward personal views and comments on the reasons for these changes. The second and third parts are the main contents of this article. The two parts of the ancient Turkic A comparative study of the structural evolution of the words of the Kazakh language. The selected examples are all collected from the various literature of the ancient Turkic language, the tool book and the related research works. The comparison of the materials is universal and representative. The structure of the word is from the syllabic type to the complex, and the reasons and results are studied in the form and meaning, the cause and the result, and the analysis and research are taken together. In general, in general, we try to sort out the relations between the ancient and modern language words and expressions in part of the general situation. In the third part, we observe its evolution, analyze the process of word formation, the scope of influence on modern language, the extent and results, etc. the third part also compares and analyzes the ancient and modern language fixed words. The evolution of the group and the compound word and its influence on the modern language, and its structure and meaning, inheritance and change and so on. Through an example, a variety of changes in the meaning of ancient and modern words, such as enlargement, reduction, meaning transfer and emotional color are illustrated, and the internal evolution process of the Kazakh words is revealed. The fourth part mainly includes four aspects. The first is the Kazakh language family formed by the evolution of the ancient Turkic language. In combination with the examples, the concept of the word family, the characteristics of the formation of the word family, the specific Homo relationship between the ancient and modern words and the words, and the reasons are summarized. This part also changes from the phonetic and semantic changes. The two aspects of the homology relationship between some Kazak words are analyzed. Through this analysis, the origin of some words in the Kazak language, the origin of some semantic Related words and their relationship with the ancient language are revealed, and some words in Kazakh are discussed by comparing the relationship between the ancient and modern words. In the end, in order to further understand the Kazakh language, we analyze the evolution of the individual speech and the Kazakh language, which is influenced by this evolution. This part also discusses the etymology of the rigid words in the Kazak language, which have no separate meaning and can not be used alone. The meaning and function of the ancient and modern language. Third, the fourth section deals with the grammatical meaning of some additional elements in the Kazak Language and the new meaning produced after the additional words, and compares it with the functions and meanings of the words related to the ancient Turkic language, and then shows that some of the additional components of the Kazakh language are some of the ancient Turkic language. Then, according to the lexical meaning and grammatical meaning of some postposition words in Kazak, the meaning of the words related to the ancient Turkic language is compared, so that some postposition words of the Kazakh language are the result of the development and evolution of some words in the ancient Turkic language. The ancient Turkic words not only had an impact on the development of the Kazakh language, but also played a certain role in the development of grammar. This chapter also explored the reservation of the ancient Turkic words in Kazak language, the corresponding rules of the variants, and the ancient sounds in different regions or dialects of the Kazak Language from three aspects of phonetics, dialects and additional components. The study of language history is also a study of the law of language development. It is a causal and theoretical explanation of the relationship between the ancient and modern languages. It needs to reveal the linguistic facts and carry out theoretical exploration on a solid basis of materials to make specific language facts. The analysis has the depth of theory, and the theory should be established in concrete analysis of concrete facts. This study is based on reasonable, reliable, comprehensive and in-depth analysis. The development and evolution of the words of ancient Turkic language in the Kazakh language have been studied, but this kind of research is basically partial or fragmentary, and it is difficult to form a system. It needs further research and improvement. This study studies the evolution of ancient Turkic words in Kazakh by a large number of words and phrases. Therefore, it is systematic. In the study, the main object of the study is the evolution of phonetics, word meaning and the structure of words, and the longitudinal study between the ancient Turkic and Kazakh languages. The horizontal comparison between the various languages of the modern Turkic has been revealed and explained by other effective methods and materials to provide a historical basis for the etymological study of the Kazakh words. Therefore, this study has an important theoretical value in the historical comparative linguistics of Turkic language and the research mask of the history of Kazakh language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H236

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