發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-22 16:15

  本文選題：碳酸鹽巖 + 石漠化��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文首先依據(jù)美國(guó)陸地衛(wèi)星ETM+圖像數(shù)據(jù),將其精度放至1:5萬(wàn)圖像作為主要信息源,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)貴州大方地區(qū)初步石漠化遙感解譯,形成石漠化分布遙感解譯圖。再生成石漠化分布遙感解譯圖。結(jié)合本人參與的“貴州1:5萬(wàn)響水、百納等6幅巖溶石山區(qū)地質(zhì)調(diào)查”項(xiàng)目所得到的野外實(shí)地調(diào)查資料,繪制出研究區(qū)石漠化實(shí)際分布圖,根據(jù)石漠化分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將研究區(qū)分為六個(gè)單元:①非石漠化區(qū)域;②無(wú)石漠化區(qū)域;③微度石漠化區(qū)域;④輕度石漠化區(qū)域;⑤中度石漠化區(qū)域;⑥重度石漠化區(qū)域。通過(guò)與石漠化遙感解譯圖對(duì)比,可以看出,石漠化實(shí)際分布圖中石漠化主要發(fā)育區(qū)域在中部地區(qū)(鹽井-羊場(chǎng)壩-白板),而在石漠化遙感解譯圖中則是南部地區(qū)(馬場(chǎng)-牛場(chǎng)坡-果寶-金龍),但石漠化的總體分布情況及規(guī)律,兩張圖的吻合程度還是比較好的。以實(shí)際調(diào)查結(jié)果和石漠化分布現(xiàn)狀為基礎(chǔ),本文從地質(zhì)因素、氣候因素、人為因素三個(gè)方面對(duì)區(qū)內(nèi)的石漠化成因進(jìn)行分析。其中地質(zhì)因素包括了地貌因素、巖性因素、構(gòu)造因素、坡度因素;氣候因素包括了降水因素、植被因素;人為因素包括了不合理開(kāi)發(fā)、不合理耕作、過(guò)渡開(kāi)墾幾個(gè)因素,最后對(duì)該區(qū)石漠化的形成機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探討。通過(guò)研究取得如下認(rèn)識(shí):1.研究區(qū)石漠化現(xiàn)狀,其中非石漠化與無(wú)石漠化區(qū)域面積約2395.49km2,約占研究區(qū)總面積的87.24%;微度石漠化區(qū)域面積約91.41 km2,約占研究區(qū)總面積的3.32%;輕度石漠化區(qū)域面積約155.9 km2,約占研究區(qū)總面積的5.68%;中度石漠化區(qū)域面積約76.55 km2,約占研究區(qū)總面積的2.79%;重度石漠化區(qū)域面積約26.65 km2,約占研究區(qū)總面積的0.97%;石漠化區(qū)域面積約350.51 km2,約占研究區(qū)總面積的12.74%。通過(guò)與石漠化分布遙感解譯圖對(duì)比,目前石漠化發(fā)育總體程度與12年前的石漠化程度相比,石漠化情況得到了有效的控制,石漠化區(qū)域從2749 km2下降到了現(xiàn)在的350.51 km2,特別是牛場(chǎng)坡幅和沙窩幅石漠化程度有了明顯的好轉(zhuǎn),主要原因是貴州省政府這幾年大力治理石漠化取得了顯著成效。2.地貌對(duì)于石漠化的影響:主要起到一個(gè)指示作用,通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),在其它因素相當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下,地貌類(lèi)型分布區(qū)中以深切的地貌區(qū)比淺切割的地貌區(qū)更容易發(fā)生石漠化。其中以峰叢和峰林洼地地貌地區(qū)石漠化發(fā)生的概率較大,多為中-重度石漠化。地勢(shì)較為平緩的盆地、丘陵地區(qū)多為無(wú)石漠化和輕度石漠化區(qū)域。3.巖性對(duì)石漠化的影響:主要在于巖性的差異風(fēng)化,也是石漠化形成的本質(zhì)原因,其中質(zhì)地較純且大面連續(xù)出露的碳酸鹽巖區(qū)域是發(fā)育石漠化的主要區(qū)域,其中又以灰?guī)r的連續(xù)出露為重度石漠化發(fā)育的主要區(qū)域,灰?guī)r地區(qū)石漠化發(fā)生的程度要明顯高于白云巖地區(qū);碳酸鹽巖夾碎屑巖的石漠化發(fā)生概率較小;碎屑巖區(qū)域多為無(wú)石漠化區(qū)域。4.構(gòu)造對(duì)于石漠化的影響:例如羊場(chǎng)壩斷裂構(gòu)造控制了石漠化發(fā)育的展布、趨勢(shì)等。中國(guó)西南部新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)主要表現(xiàn)為階段性上升,致使早期夷平面遭受強(qiáng)烈切割、改造,形成現(xiàn)今的高原背景上的深切峽谷地貌;崎嶇破碎的高原地貌及陡坡地形,提供了水土流失、土壤侵蝕的勢(shì)能基礎(chǔ)。因此,新構(gòu)造階段性抬升是影響石漠化的地質(zhì)因素之一。5.坡度對(duì)于石漠化的影響在于:不同坡度對(duì)于石漠化的發(fā)育程度起著重要的決定性作用。地面坡度在0°~5°的區(qū)域,石漠化發(fā)生的概率比較小,研究區(qū)石漠化主要在坡度為5°~20°的區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)育,坡度較高的地區(qū)特別是在10°以上的區(qū)域主要發(fā)育中度-重度石漠化,坡度在30°以上區(qū)域雖然在區(qū)域內(nèi)所占比例較小且較為分散,但卻極易發(fā)生石漠化,主要以重度石漠化為主。6.氣候與植被因素對(duì)研究區(qū)石漠化的影響:降雨對(duì)土壤侵蝕提供了動(dòng)力條件,使得巖溶石山區(qū)在暴雨的沖刷下基本留不住表層的薄層土壤,從而形成了基巖裸露的石漠化景觀。而植被與石漠化發(fā)育趨勢(shì)呈一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系,即植被覆蓋率越高,石漠化程度越低。7.人為因素對(duì)石漠化的影響:石漠化發(fā)育較為嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)主要集中在人口稠密、經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)落后、人地矛盾突出的地方。特別是在人類(lèi)的不合理開(kāi)發(fā)以及濫砍濫伐等活動(dòng)的干擾下,在很大程度上影響了石漠化的發(fā)育程度。8.石漠化形成機(jī)制:研究區(qū)多屬淺覆蓋或裸露型喀斯特山區(qū),區(qū)內(nèi)植被退化以及人類(lèi)不合理的利用土地,使得地表土壤進(jìn)一步被蠶食,在降雨或徑流等運(yùn)移力作用下,造成大面積的基巖裸露,加速了碳酸鹽巖的風(fēng)化速率,進(jìn)而形成石漠化。新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)在研究區(qū)塑造出不同的區(qū)域地貌類(lèi)型,形成不同層次的斜坡過(guò)渡界面;在地形地貌上,關(guān)嶺組獅子山段地層(T2gsz),嘉陵江組一段-三段(T1j1-3)等灰?guī)r地層為主構(gòu)成的峰叢、溶丘地貌是石漠化的多發(fā)地帶,在人類(lèi)不合理的干擾活動(dòng)下,環(huán)境進(jìn)一步惡化。影響石漠化形成的因素包括自然因素和人為因素,自然因素是石漠化發(fā)生、發(fā)展的先決因素,而人為因素才是主導(dǎo)因素。
[Abstract]:In this paper, based on the American Landsat ETM+ image data, its accuracy is put to the 1:5 million image as the main source of information. Through remote sensing interpretation of the preliminary rocky desertification in Guizhou's generous area, the remote sensing map of rocky desertification distribution is formed. The regenerated remote sensing interpretation map of rocky desertification distribution is regenerated. The 6 karstification of "Guizhou 1:5 Wan", "Bai Na" and so on, I participated in The field survey data obtained from the project of the geological survey of the stone mountain area has drawn out the actual distribution map of the Rocky Desertification in the study area. According to the classification standard of the rocky desertification, the study is divided into six units: (1) non rocky desertification area; (2) no rocky desertification area; (3) micro rocky desertification area; (4) light rocky desertification area; 5 moderate rocky desertification area; 6 severe stone. By comparing with the remote sensing interpretation of rocky desertification, we can see that the main area of rocky desertification in the actual distribution map of rocky desertification is in the central region (the salt well - sheep field dam - white board), and in the remote sensing interpretation of rocky desertification, the southern region (the horse farm - Niu Chang Po - Guo Bao - Jinlong), but the overall distribution and law of rocky desertification, two maps On the basis of the actual survey results and the distribution status of rocky desertification, this paper analyzes the causes of rocky desertification in the area from three aspects of geological, climatic and human factors. The geological factors include geomorphic factors, lithologic factors, construction factors, slope factors, and climatic factors including precipitation causes. The human factors include irrational development, irrational tillage and transitional reclamation. Finally, the formation mechanism of rocky desertification in this area is discussed. The following understanding is made: 1. the present situation of rocky desertification in the 1. study area, of which the area of non rocky desertification and rocky desertification is about 2395.49km2, accounting for about 87.24 of the total area of the study area. %; the area of the micro rocky desertification area is about 91.41 km2, accounting for about 3.32% of the total area of the study area; the area of the mild rocky desertification area is about 155.9 km2, accounting for 5.68% of the total area of the study area; the area of moderate rocky desertification area is about 76.55 km2, accounting for 2.79% of the total area of the study area; the area of severe rocky desertification area is about 26.65 km2, accounting for about 0.97% of the total area of the study area. The area of desertification area is about 350.51 km2, which accounts for about 12.74%. of the total area of the study area. Compared with the remote sensing interpretation of rocky desertification distribution, the overall degree of rocky desertification has been effectively controlled compared with the rocky desertification degree of 12 years ago. The rocky desertification area has fallen from 2749 km2 to 350.51 km2, especially the cattle slope. The extent of rocky desertification in the amplitude and sand nest has been obviously improved, the main reason is that the Guizhou provincial government has made great efforts to control the Rocky Desertification in recent years. The effect of.2. landform on rocky desertification is the main indicator. Through field investigation, it is found that under the conditions of other factors, the geomorphic type distribution area is deeply geomorphic. The region is more prone to rocky desertification than that in shallow geomorphic areas. Among them, the probability of rocky desertification in peak shrub and peak forest low-lying land is larger, most of which are moderate to severe rocky desertification. The basin has relatively gentle terrain, and the hilly area is mostly the effect of.3. lithology on rocky desertification in the area without rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification area, mainly because of the difference weathering of lithology. It is also the essential reason for the formation of rocky desertification, of which the carbonatite area with a relatively pure and continuous exposure of the large surface is the main area for the development of rocky desertification, in which the continuous exposure of limestone is the main area of severe rocky desertification, and the degree of rocky desertification in the limestone area is obviously higher than the dolomite area; the carbonate rock clastic rocks are in the limestone area. The occurrence probability of rocky desertification is small, and the clastic rock region is mostly the effect of.4. structure on rocky desertification in the non rocky desertification area: for example, the fault structure of the Yang field dam controls the distribution and trend of rocky desertification, and the new tectonic movement in southwestern China mainly shows a stage rise, which causes the early planation plane to be strongly cut, transformed, and formed the present high. The deep cut Canyon geomorphology in the original background, the rugged plateau topography and the steep slope terrain provide the potential basis for soil erosion and soil erosion. Therefore, the stage uplift of the neotectonic is one of the geological factors affecting the rocky desertification. The influence of.5. slope on rocky desertification is that the different slopes play an important role in the development of rocky desertification. The probability of rocky desertification in the area of 0 degree ~5 degrees is relatively small. The Rocky Desertification in the study area is mainly developed in the area of 5 degree ~20 degrees. The areas with high gradient, especially in the area above 10 degrees, are mainly moderate to severe rocky desertification, and the slope in the upper region is less than that in the upper region, although the proportion is smaller and more in the region. It is easy to be dispersed, but it is very easy to have rocky desertification, mainly with severe rocky desertification as the main effect of.6. climate and vegetation factors on the rock desertification in the study area: rainfall has provided dynamic conditions for soil erosion, which makes the karst mountain area basically unable to retain the thin layer soil under the scour of the rainstorm, and form the bare rock desertification landscape of the bedrock. There is a dynamic relationship with the development trend of rocky desertification, that is, the higher the vegetation coverage and the lower the degree of rocky desertification, the influence of.7. human factors on rocky desertification: the areas with more serious development of rocky desertification are mainly concentrated in dense population, relatively backward economy, and the contradiction between human and land is outstanding. Under the interference of activity, it affects the formation mechanism of rocky desertification, to a great extent, the formation mechanism of.8. rocky desertification: the research areas are mostly shallow covered or exposed Karst mountains, the vegetation degradation in the area and the irrational use of land, which make the surface soil further encroach on, and cause large area under the action of rain or runoff and so on. The exposure of the bedrock accelerates the weathering rate of carbonate rocks and forms rocky desertification. The neotectonic movement has created different regional geomorphic types in the study area, forming a different level of slope transition interface, and in the topography and geomorphology, the Guanling formation, the lion mountain section (T2gsz), the 1st to three segment of the Jialing River group (T1j1-3) and other limestone formations The mound landform is the multiple zone of rocky desertification, and the environment is further deteriorated under the irrational human interference activities. The factors affecting the formation of rocky desertification include natural factors and human factors, and natural factors are the leading factors of rocky desertification and development, and human factors are the main factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X171;X87

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