發(fā)布時間：2018-05-21 08:43

  本文選題：山地城市 + 老舊街區(qū)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：統(tǒng)計顯示,過去3年,全國超過360個城市遭遇內(nèi)澇。與此同時,全國有1100余座城市嚴(yán)重缺水。城市排水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏低和雨水利用系統(tǒng)的缺乏,讓這些城市緊缺的資源成為了災(zāi)害發(fā)生的誘因。針對這種現(xiàn)狀,除加強排水管網(wǎng)工程建設(shè)外,還應(yīng)從城市空間設(shè)計和生態(tài)效用層面入手,積極探索具有適應(yīng)性的可持續(xù)雨洪管理方法。山地城市特殊的自然條件和雨水徑流特征,使其內(nèi)澇防治與雨水利用也應(yīng)具有特殊性。但目前來看,學(xué)者們多將眼光聚焦在城市新建區(qū),針對老舊街區(qū)缺乏較為深入的研究。而在街區(qū)層面,生態(tài)雨水設(shè)施的布設(shè)類型、布設(shè)位置以及布設(shè)規(guī)模均與其環(huán)境因子產(chǎn)生密切聯(lián)系。因此,有必要從空間視域的角度出發(fā),對影響山地城市老舊街區(qū)雨水徑流調(diào)控過程的環(huán)境因子加以研究,以達(dá)到雨水設(shè)施協(xié)同優(yōu)化的布設(shè)目的。本文以位于山地城市建成區(qū)內(nèi),已使用20—30年、以居住功能為主體,且短時間內(nèi)難以拆除的老舊街區(qū)為研究對象,其大多建成已久,存在特殊的社會、地域以及尺度背景,在雨水排除和回收利用方面均存在不同程度的問題。故本文從風(fēng)景園林與規(guī)劃設(shè)計的學(xué)科視角出發(fā),以可持續(xù)徑流調(diào)控和生態(tài)雨水景觀現(xiàn)有理論研究為基礎(chǔ),將重點研究范圍鎖定于重慶主城老舊街區(qū)的雨洪環(huán)境,通過對典型調(diào)研樣點內(nèi)的建筑屋面、公共空間、現(xiàn)狀綠化、路面排水設(shè)施、蓄水設(shè)施以及邊界區(qū)域等環(huán)境因子進行現(xiàn)狀分析,結(jié)合空間環(huán)境與雨水徑流特征總結(jié),分別提出可持續(xù)徑流調(diào)控與雨水景觀營造的普遍性改造設(shè)計策略和特定性空間實施途徑,并以北碚朝陽片區(qū)局部地塊作為設(shè)計實踐案例,完善和補充山地型老舊街區(qū)相關(guān)的設(shè)計步驟與量化分析方法。普遍性改造設(shè)計策略的提出基于山地城市老舊街區(qū)空間環(huán)境特點總結(jié)和雨水徑流特征分析,并結(jié)合徑流在街區(qū)內(nèi)產(chǎn)生、運送和匯集等階段的不同表現(xiàn),要求在改造設(shè)計過程中應(yīng)提升雨水截流量、促進雨水下滲、引導(dǎo)徑流初步凈化、優(yōu)化場地排水路線、疏導(dǎo)徑流定向集匯、整合線型行水路線、保護拓展雨洪調(diào)蓄空間以及提升雨水回用效率,從而構(gòu)建具有針對性的徑流調(diào)控體系,營造具備低成本、低維護以及低影響的生態(tài)型可持續(xù)景觀。特定性空間實施途徑主要針對緩坡型平行等高線并列式、陡坡型平行等高線并列式、垂直等高線并列式和斜交等高線點狀式四種典型類別山地城市老舊街區(qū)的雨洪環(huán)境空間特征與實際問題,分別提出緩沖遞進、逐級分層、分散-集中以及復(fù)合式的具體實施途徑,利用局部空間改造與生態(tài)設(shè)施布設(shè)相結(jié)合的思路方法,全面、深入的進行可持續(xù)雨水徑流調(diào)控體系構(gòu)建與景觀營造,為山地城市街區(qū)尺度下的可持續(xù)雨洪管理提供新的借鑒與思路。最后以北碚朝陽片區(qū)內(nèi)的局部地塊作為設(shè)計實踐案例,參考海綿城市相關(guān)的建設(shè)指標(biāo)與設(shè)計流程,通過對設(shè)計地塊進行現(xiàn)狀分析、設(shè)計目標(biāo)制定、子匯水區(qū)劃分與指標(biāo)分解、生態(tài)設(shè)施系統(tǒng)布設(shè)以及雨水景觀類型營造等環(huán)節(jié)的改造設(shè)計,完善和補充山地型老舊街區(qū)局部地塊相關(guān)的具體設(shè)計步驟與量化分析方法,以提升研究成果的實用價值。
[Abstract]:Statistics show that over the past 3 years, more than 360 cities across the country have encountered waterlogging. At the same time, more than 1100 cities in the country are seriously short of water. Urban drainage standards are low and the lack of rainwater utilization systems make these cities scarce resources the cause of the disaster. On the level of space design and ecological utility, we actively explore the sustainable management method of sustainable rain and flood. The special natural conditions and rainwater runoff characteristics of mountain cities make the prevention and utilization of waterlogging and rainwater use special. However, at present, the scholars focus more on the new urban areas, in view of the lack of the old and old neighborhoods. On the block level, the layout types, layout and layout of the ecological rainwater facilities are closely related to the environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to study the environmental factors that affect the regulation process of rainwater runoff in old and old neighborhoods from the perspective of space, so as to achieve the rainwater facilities Association. In this paper, we have used 20 to 30 years in the built-up area of the mountain city, which have been used as the research object in the old neighborhoods which are the main body of residential function and are difficult to dismantle in a short time. Most of them have been built for a long time, and there are special social, regional and scale background, and there are different degrees in the drainage and recycling of rainwater. Therefore, based on the view of landscape architecture and planning and design, based on the theory of sustainable runoff regulation and ecological rainwater landscape, the key research scope is locked in the rain and flood environment in the old and old blocks of the main city of Chongqing. Through the construction of roofs, public space, present situation greening and pavement drainage in the typical survey samples Analysis of environmental factors such as application, water storage facilities and boundary areas, combined with spatial environment and characteristics of rainwater runoff, the design strategies and specific space implementation approaches for sustainable runoff regulation and rainwater landscape construction are put forward respectively, and the local plots in Chaoyang area of Beibei are taken as a design practice case. The design steps and quantitative analysis methods are supplemented in the old and old neighborhoods of mountainous areas. Based on the summary of the spatial environment characteristics of the old and old blocks in the mountainous cities and the analysis of the characteristics of the rainwater runoff, the different performance in the stages of production, transportation and collection in the block are required to be proposed in the process of reform and design. Increasing rainwater cutting flow, promoting rainwater infiltration, guiding runoff preliminary purification, optimizing site drainage route, dredging runoff directional collection, integrating line type water route, protecting and expanding rain and flood storage space and improving rainwater reuse efficiency, thus building a targeted runoff regulation system, and creating low cost, low maintenance and low impact. Ecological sustainable landscape. Specific spatial implementation approaches are mainly aimed at the parallel parallel contour line of gentle slope type, parallel parallel contour line of steep slope type, vertical contour line parallel and oblique intersection point type four kinds of typical types of mountain cities old and old blocks of rain and flood environment space characteristics and actual problems, respectively, put forward buffer progressive, step by step. Stratification, decentralization and centralization and the concrete implementation of complex type, using the combination of local space transformation and ecological facilities layout, comprehensive and in-depth construction of sustainable rainwater runoff regulation system and landscape construction, providing new reference and ideas for sustainable rain and flood management under the block scale of mountain cities. As a case of design practice in Beiyang District, referring to the related construction index and design process of the sponge City, the design target formulation, the division of the subarea and the index decomposition, the establishment of the ecological facilities system and the type construction of the rainwater view type are designed, perfected and supplementing, with reference to the related construction indexes and the design process of the sponge city. The detailed design steps and quantitative analysis methods related to the local blocks of old mountainous blocks are used to enhance the practical value of the research results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU992;TU984.114

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