發(fā)布時間：2018-05-19 10:30

  本文選題：應(yīng)急避難場所 + 空間布局��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自二十世紀以來,人類社會與科學(xué)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展,社會文明不斷進步。人類不斷放棄落后的村落,紛紛向城市集中,帶來了世界范圍內(nèi)的城市化現(xiàn)象。隨著城市化現(xiàn)象的不斷加劇,城市開始迅速擴張,大量人口伴隨著巨大的個人財產(chǎn)也隨之聚集起來。與此同時,人為因素滋生的社會災(zāi)害(爆炸、時疫、恐怖襲擊等)以及自然因素產(chǎn)生的自然災(zāi)害(地震、洪水、泥石流等)均不斷發(fā)生。由于人口和社會財富的高度集中,這些災(zāi)害所帶來的風(fēng)險及影響是巨大的。因此,在災(zāi)害發(fā)生的各個階段,應(yīng)急避難場所均是城市居民重要的避險和候援的重要場所。然而,由于城市功能、規(guī)模的多樣化、復(fù)雜化,以及城市運行和發(fā)展的自由化,應(yīng)急避難場所必須具備多重身份,才能夠更好的利用有限的城市土地資源。因此,對應(yīng)急避難場所的選址、布局、可達性研究具有重要的理論意義和社會價值。本文以吉林省長春市主城區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,綜合應(yīng)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)評價方法、交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)鄰近度評價方法、格網(wǎng)GIS以及遙感影像解譯技術(shù),對長春市現(xiàn)有的337個臨時應(yīng)急避難場所以及37個已掛牌應(yīng)急避難場所的空間布局、可達性進行了分析與評價。同時對長春市應(yīng)急避難場所空間布局提出優(yōu)化策略,并通過模擬予以驗證。論文研究劃分為五個章節(jié)。第一章緒論。闡述本論文的研究背景:從城市安全研究,空間格局理論與實踐,以及評價三方面討論了論文的宏觀背景,然后對研究區(qū)域進行介紹,并解釋研究意義。第二章國內(nèi)外文獻綜述。從應(yīng)急避難場所規(guī)劃布局,應(yīng)急避難管理,應(yīng)急避難場所評價,研究方法及尺度上對國內(nèi)外文獻進行辨析論述�？偨Y(jié)歸納國內(nèi)外研究特點與不足。第三章研究方法、內(nèi)容與技術(shù)路線。在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒景觀格局指數(shù),交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)指數(shù)描述臨時應(yīng)急避難場所分布規(guī)律特征,運用格網(wǎng)GIS與最鄰近設(shè)施尋找服務(wù)區(qū),運用改進后的高斯兩部移動搜索法對現(xiàn)存已掛牌避難場所進行可達性評價。最后提出可加以利用且符合市民需求的應(yīng)急避難場所建設(shè)。對現(xiàn)有的布局做出補充。第四章應(yīng)急避難場所空間格局。在前文研究基礎(chǔ)上,展示應(yīng)急避難場所空間布局,利用景觀格局指數(shù)及交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)鄰近度評價應(yīng)急避難場所空間分布。第五章應(yīng)急避難場所效能評價。分析長春市臨時應(yīng)急避難場所的分布狀況后,對獲得政府掛牌的應(yīng)急避難場所進行服務(wù)區(qū)、可達性、布局優(yōu)化等分析。第六章結(jié)論與討論1.過計算相關(guān)指數(shù),認為長春市臨時應(yīng)急避難場所總體上呈均勻分布,同時也符合地理學(xué)中距離衰減,即從市中心向郊區(qū),應(yīng)急避難場所之間的距離由小到大,密度由密到疏。2.過最鄰近設(shè)施計算得出應(yīng)急避難場所的服務(wù)區(qū):中心城區(qū)服務(wù)區(qū)較小,而城市外圍地區(qū)服務(wù)區(qū)面積較大。兩部移動搜索法計算出格網(wǎng)內(nèi)可達性呈明顯多中心極化現(xiàn)象。城市東部及北部需要進一步優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, human society and science and technology have developed rapidly and social civilization has been progressing. Human beings give up backward villages and concentrate in cities, which brings urbanization phenomenon all over the world. As urbanization intensifies, cities begin to expand rapidly, and large numbers of people gather with huge personal property. At the same time, social disasters (explosion, time epidemic, terrorist attack, etc.) and natural disasters (earthquake, flood, debris flow, etc.) caused by human factors occur constantly. Due to the high concentration of population and social wealth, the risks and effects of these disasters are enormous. Therefore, in every stage of disaster, emergency shelter is an important place for urban residents to avoid risks and wait for assistance. However, due to the diversity and complexity of urban functions, scale, and the liberalization of urban operation and development, emergency shelters must have multiple identities in order to make better use of limited urban land resources. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and social value to study the location, layout and accessibility of emergency shelter. In this paper, the landscape ecology evaluation method, traffic network proximity evaluation method, grid GIS and remote sensing image interpretation technology are applied to the main urban area of Changchun City, Jilin Province, and comprehensive application of landscape ecology evaluation method, traffic network proximity evaluation method, and remote sensing image interpretation technology. The spatial distribution and accessibility of 337 temporary emergency shelters and 37 listed emergency shelters in Changchun are analyzed and evaluated. At the same time, the optimization strategy of the space layout of emergency shelter in Changchun is put forward and verified by simulation. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is introduction. This paper expounds the research background of this paper: it discusses the macroscopic background of the thesis from three aspects: the study of urban safety, the theory and practice of spatial pattern, and the evaluation, then introduces the research area and explains the significance of the research. Chapter two: literature review at home and abroad. From the planning layout of emergency shelter, emergency shelter management, emergency shelter evaluation, research methods and scale of the literature at home and abroad were analyzed and discussed. Summarize and summarize the characteristics and shortcomings of domestic and foreign research. The third chapter studies the method, the content and the technical route. On the basis of previous studies, using the landscape pattern index and traffic network index to describe the distribution characteristics of temporary emergency shelter sites, we use grid GIS and nearest facilities to find service areas. The improved Gao Si mobile search method is used to evaluate the accessibility of the existing sheltered places. Finally, the construction of emergency shelter which can be used and meets the needs of citizens is put forward. Supplement the existing layout. Chapter IV the spatial pattern of emergency shelter. On the basis of the previous study, the spatial distribution of emergency shelter was demonstrated, and the spatial distribution of emergency shelter was evaluated by using landscape pattern index and traffic network proximity. Chapter V Evaluation of the effectiveness of emergency shelter. After analyzing the distribution of temporary emergency shelters in Changchun City, the service area, accessibility and layout optimization of emergency shelters listed by the government are analyzed. Chapter VI conclusion and discussion 1. By calculating the relative index, it is considered that the temporary emergency shelters in Changchun are uniformly distributed in general, and also accord with the distance attenuation in geography, that is, the distance between the emergency shelters from the city center to the suburbs is from small to large, and the density is from dense to sparse. 2. The service area of the emergency shelter is calculated by the nearest facilities: the service area in the central urban area is smaller, while the service area in the peripheral area is larger. The results show that the reachability in the grid is obviously multi-center polarization by the two-part mobile search method. The eastern and northern parts of the city need further optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU984.116

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