發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 12:45

  本文選題：TM + 監(jiān)督分類　； 參考：《西北農林科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究選擇西寧市為研究對象,該市1987、2001和2013年三個時段的TM遙感影像為數據源,運用景觀生態(tài)學原理,結合森林資源二類調查數據,在遙感數字圖像處理系統GIS以及景觀分析軟件系統Fragstats3.3支持下,對西寧市森林景觀動態(tài)變化進行了分析。其中,地類分為有林地、灌木林地、宜林地、未成林造林地和非林地;景觀分析分為景觀整體水平和景觀要素類型水平,選取8個景觀指數,即斑塊數量(NP)、斑塊面積(CA)、斑塊所占景觀面積比例(PLAND)、斑塊密度(PD)、平均斑塊密度(AREA-MN)、邊緣密度(ED)、香農多樣性指數(SHDI)、香農均勻度指數(SHEI)。通過研究獲得以下主要結論:(1)從景觀水平上,1987年有林地占總面積的3.7326%,2001年為9.1779%,到了2013年為11.9551%,人為活動影響顯著,研究區(qū)土地利用逐漸豐富,物種多樣性增加,森林斑塊面積增加,斑塊總數量明顯減少,斑塊間異質性增強,破碎度降低,城市綠化加強,植被覆蓋率提高。非林地面積也一直在增加,城市建設處于向外擴張狀態(tài)。由此證明,經過長期的人工造林,植被覆蓋率提高、生態(tài)逐漸恢復,改善森林景觀格局,降低了森林景觀破碎化,提高了森林生態(tài)系統的穩(wěn)定性和復雜性。(2)在景觀要素水平上,景觀的破碎化程度和景觀空間異質性程度降低。全區(qū)景觀多樣性指數從1987—2013年多樣性指數先升后降,保持在1.2124左右,均勻度指數也是先升后降,保持在0.6767左右,表明各類景觀組分面積比例差別在逐漸縮小,景觀中各組分分配越來越均勻,某一種或幾種景觀組分占優(yōu)勢的情況越來越少,這些變化說明景觀整體結構由于人類活動的加強而變得均衡。(3)景觀類型轉移方面,有林地和非林地面積增多,隨著人口增多、經濟增長,城市一直不斷向外擴建,非林地及建筑用地的面積不斷增多,勢必會導致周邊土地征用和林地面積的減少,但是,隨著意識的提高,以及相應黨和國家的號召,綠化也不斷加強,土地通過改造,逐漸栽植灌木,使已有的灌木林地能夠轉化為林地,在大量營造人工林的同時,也加強了對現有林地的保護,提高綠化覆蓋率,恢復生態(tài),充分將人文、社會、環(huán)境有機結合,走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。
[Abstract]:In this study, Xining city is selected as the research object. The TM remote sensing image of three periods of 19872001 and 2013 in the city is the data source. Using the landscape ecology principle, combined with the forest resources two types of survey data, the dynamic change of Xining forest landscape in the remote sensing digital image processing system and the landscape analysis software system Fragstats3.3 support, the dynamic change of forest landscape in Xining City The analysis is divided into woodland, shrub, woodland, suitable forestland, unforested land and non woodland; landscape analysis is divided into landscape overall level and landscape element type level, and 8 landscape indices, NP, patch area (CA), patch area ratio (PLAND), patch density (PD), and average patch density (AREA-) MN), edge density (ED), Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and Shannon evenness index (SHEI). Through the study, the following main conclusions were obtained: (1) from the landscape level, in 1987, woodland accounted for 3.7326% of the total area, 9.1779% in 2001, and 11.9551% in 2013, and the land use gradually enriched and species diversity increased in the study area. The area of forest patches is increasing, the total number of patches is obviously reduced, the heterogeneity is enhanced, the degree of fragmentation is reduced, the urban greening is strengthened, the vegetation coverage is increased. The area of non woodland has been increasing, and the urban construction is in a state of outward expansion. It is proved that after long-term artificial afforestation, the vegetation coverage is raised, and the ecological restoration is gradually restored, Gai Shansen. The landscape pattern of forest reduced the fragmentation of forest landscape and improved the stability and complexity of forest ecosystem. (2) the fragmentation degree of landscape and the degree of heterogeneity of landscape space were reduced at the level of landscape elements. The diversity index of landscape diversity in the whole region rose first and then dropped from 1987 to 2013, and remained at about 1.2124, and the evenness index was kept. It is also the first rise and then descending, and it is kept at about 0.6767. It shows that the difference of the proportion of various landscape components is gradually narrowing, the distribution of each component in the landscape is more and more uniform, and the situation of one or several landscape components is becoming less and less. These changes indicate that the overall structure of the landscape is balanced by the strengthening of human activities. (3) the landscape type turns. With the increase of forest land and non woodland area, with the increase of population, the economic growth, the city has been expanding, the area of non woodland and construction land is increasing, which will inevitably lead to the reduction of the land expropriation and the area of the woodland. However, with the improvement of consciousness and the call of the corresponding party and state, the greening is constantly strengthened, and the soil is constantly strengthened, soil and soil. Through transformation, shrubs are gradually planted to transform the existing shrubs to woodlands. While building a large number of artificial forests, they also strengthen the protection of the existing woodlands, improve the afforestation coverage, restore the ecology, and fully integrate the humanities, society and environment, and take the sustainable development road.

【學位授予單位】：西北農林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S718.5;S712

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