發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-24 19:34

  本文選題：方位詞　切入點(diǎn)：上-下　出處：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語語法學(xué)界對方位詞的研究較多，但對反向方位詞的不對稱性關(guān)注較少，對于不對稱的解釋大多從使用頻率這單一角度尋找動(dòng)因。本文以“上-下、左-右、前-后、里-外”這四組使用頻率極高的單純方位詞為代表，從各組詞的原型、核心語義為切入點(diǎn)，考察各自出現(xiàn)的環(huán)境，通過對比的方法，用大量的例證系統(tǒng)地描述了這四對方位詞對稱和不對稱的規(guī)律和表現(xiàn)，繼而從認(rèn)知心理學(xué)、標(biāo)記理論、語義隱喻學(xué)、頻率效應(yīng)理論和民族文化心理等多個(gè)角度對這些不規(guī)則和不對稱現(xiàn)象加以解釋。 本文共分為三大部分。第一部分為緒論，根據(jù)方位詞的特點(diǎn)對其進(jìn)行重新的界定，指出本文所研究的方位詞是名詞下的一個(gè)小類，表示位置和方向，主要作用附在體詞性成分之后；另外對前人有關(guān)方位詞不對稱性研究總體回顧，指出不足。第二部由五章構(gòu)成，是論文的主體。其中第一至第三章為同范疇內(nèi)方位詞的不對稱現(xiàn)象研究，首先以單組詞為模塊，由原型圖示分析核心意義，探討其引申含義，最終對比出各組詞對稱和不對稱的情況，并分別給出相應(yīng)的理論依據(jù)。第四章是各組反向方位詞的特殊使用情況說明，具體包括方位詞在介詞框架中的隱現(xiàn)機(jī)制及原因闡釋；交叉使用的相關(guān)表現(xiàn)及有關(guān)解釋；不對稱引起的偏誤類型及成因分析，也是本文的獨(dú)特之處。第五章從語言內(nèi)部和語言外部兩個(gè)方面總體給出現(xiàn)代漢語反向方位詞不對稱的原因，力求為語言學(xué)中研究其它不對稱現(xiàn)象的人提供相關(guān)的參考。最后一部分為結(jié)語。 在這篇論文中，我們認(rèn)為，以“上-下”為例，不對稱的體現(xiàn)形式有三種：一是有“上而無下”產(chǎn)生的不對稱；二是“有下而無上”導(dǎo)致的不對稱，這兩種情況或者是語言中真的沒有相應(yīng)的搭配，或者是語言中有其它詞語承擔(dān)了這部分的對稱，，從而產(chǎn)生了“有此無彼”的不對稱；三是形式對稱而意義不對稱或者不完全對稱的形式。對于不對稱的原因我們也得出如下結(jié)論：從語言內(nèi)部來看，不對稱受構(gòu)詞因素、詞語的隱現(xiàn)及詞義的制約，也受方位詞隱喻角度的不平衡性和其他詞語搭配能力的影響，其中由隱現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生的不對稱主要涉及方位詞“里-外、上-下”兩組，主要和與之搭配的介詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞有關(guān)；從語言外部來看，不對稱受客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的不對稱、漢民族固有的文化心理、語用頻率效應(yīng)和認(rèn)知心理因素的制約。留學(xué)生在使用這四組方位詞常出現(xiàn)偏誤，偏誤的原因主要體現(xiàn)在語音、語法和語義這三個(gè)方面，本文都逐一進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:There are many researches on locative words in Chinese grammatical circles, but less attention is paid to the asymmetry of reverse locative words. The explanation of asymmetry is mostly based on the single angle of frequency of use. These four groups, which are represented by the extremely high frequency of locale words, from the prototype of each group of words and the core semantics as the starting point, examine the environment in which they appear, and through the method of comparison, This paper systematically describes the rules and expressions of symmetry and asymmetry of these four pairs of azimuth words with a large number of examples, and then from cognitive psychology, marker theory, semantic metaphor, The theory of frequency effect and national cultural psychology explain these irregular and asymmetrical phenomena. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction, according to the characteristics of the azimuth word to redefine it, pointing out that the position word is a sub-category under the noun, indicating the position and direction. The main role is attached to the aspect of part of speech; in addition, the general review of previous studies on the asymmetry of azimuth words points out the deficiency. The second part consists of five chapters. It is the main body of the thesis. In the first to third chapters, we study the asymmetry of the azimuth words in the same category. Firstly, we take the single group of words as the module, and analyze the core meaning by the archetypes, and discuss its extended meaning. Finally, the symmetry and asymmetry of each group of words are compared, and the corresponding theoretical basis is given. The fourth chapter is the special usage of each group of reverse azimuth words, including the mechanism of occult and the explanation of the reason of the position word in the preposition frame; Related manifestations and explanations of cross-use, types of errors caused by asymmetry and analysis of their causes, The fifth chapter gives the reasons for the asymmetry of the reverse orientation words in modern Chinese from the internal and external aspects of the language. The last part is the conclusion. In this paper, we believe that in the case of "upper-bottom", there are three forms of asymmetry: one is that there is asymmetry from "upper but no lower"; the other is asymmetry caused by "having the bottom and being supreme". Either there is no corresponding collocation in the two cases, or some other words in the language bear the symmetry of this part, which results in the asymmetry of "having this or the other"; For the reasons of asymmetry, we draw the following conclusion: from the perspective of language, asymmetry is restricted by word-formation factors, lexical concealment and lexical meaning. It is also influenced by the imbalance of the metaphorical angle of the locative words and the collocation ability of other words, in which the asymmetry produced by the concealed words mainly involves the two groups of the locative words "inside out, top down", mainly related to the prepositions, verbs and nouns matched with them; Viewed from the external language, asymmetry is restricted by the asymmetry of the objective real world, the inherent cultural psychology, pragmatic frequency effect and cognitive psychological factors of the Han nationality. The main causes of errors are phonological, grammatical and semantic aspects, which are analyzed one by one in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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