發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-11 03:47

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： “了” 事 時(shí)位 時(shí)體 事態(tài)　出處：《上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)助詞“了”一般被視為時(shí)體標(biāo)記（aspect marker），但具體定為何種時(shí)體學(xué)界仍有很大爭(zhēng)議。實(shí)際上，時(shí)體范疇本身就是一個(gè)非常含混的概念，它與相鄰概念的界限很不清晰。本文以“事（eventuality）”的概念為起點(diǎn)，通過(guò)與“物”的對(duì)比，確定了它可能存在的五個(gè)語(yǔ)義范疇。我們認(rèn)為，時(shí)位和時(shí)體都是事的特征，而不是動(dòng)詞的特征。與通行的做法不同，我們仔細(xì)區(qū)分了事類、事的數(shù)量和度量、事的階段和事的時(shí)位，把它們從寬泛的時(shí)體范疇中剝離了出來(lái)。所謂的“詞匯體”、“反復(fù)體”、“短時(shí)體”、“階段體”、“完成體（perfect）”等，在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中都有了新的歸屬。在這些區(qū)分的基礎(chǔ)上，我們否定了“了”是時(shí)位標(biāo)記或時(shí)體標(biāo)記的看法，提出了一個(gè)新的范疇，即“事態(tài)”，并把現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)助詞“著、了、過(guò)”分別定為方然態(tài)、已然態(tài)、曾然態(tài)的標(biāo)記。最后，我們分析了事態(tài)范疇與時(shí)位范疇的聯(lián)系。時(shí)位實(shí)際上就是事在時(shí)間上的位置。任何語(yǔ)言都需要表達(dá)事在時(shí)間上的定位。漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有專門表達(dá)時(shí)位的語(yǔ)法范疇，漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)位是在事態(tài)助詞和語(yǔ)用推理的協(xié)助下通過(guò)詞匯手段表達(dá)的。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, the auxiliary word "has" been generally regarded as a aspect marker, but there is still a great deal of controversy in the field of stylistics. In fact, the category of tense and aspect itself is a very vague concept. The boundary between it and the adjacent concept is not clear. This paper starts with the concept of "eventuality" and, by comparing it with" thing ", determines five semantic categories of its possible existence. We think that both temporal and temporal aspects are the characteristics of events. Rather than the characteristics of verbs. Unlike the usual practice, we carefully distinguish between the categories of events, the number and measure of events, the stages and timing of events, The so-called lexical aspect, the repetition aspect, the short term aspect, the stage aspect, the perfect aspect, etc., all have new attribution in this system. On the basis of these distinctions, We negate the view that "Shi" is a time position marker or a tense aspect marker, and propose a new category, that is, "state of affairs", and make the auxiliary words "Zhe, Zhe, Guo" in modern Chinese as signs of square state, already state, and former state, respectively. We have analyzed the relationship between the category of state of affairs and the category of temporal position. The temporal position is actually the position of the matter in time. Any language needs to express the position of the matter in time. There is no grammatical category that specifically expresses the temporal position in Chinese. The tense of Chinese is expressed by lexical means with the help of state auxiliary and pragmatic reasoning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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