發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-03 08:17

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 平行結(jié)構(gòu) 平行效應(yīng) 并列句 連動(dòng)句　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：句子理解中，當(dāng)兩個(gè)分句或短語具有相同結(jié)構(gòu)并承擔(dān)相同的句法角色時(shí)，我們稱之為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。1984年Frazier等人通過對英語句子中平行結(jié)構(gòu)（parallel structure）的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了平行效應(yīng)（parallelism effects），平行效應(yīng)是指讀者閱讀平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，前一成分的加工會(huì)促進(jìn)后一成分的加工。平行結(jié)構(gòu)廣泛地存在于各種語言中，那么漢語句子理解中是否存在平行效應(yīng)呢？本研究以漢語句子為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料，探索漢語句子理解中，平行結(jié)構(gòu)的加工中是否存在平行效應(yīng)。本研究包括兩個(gè)部分：漢語并列句中平行結(jié)構(gòu)的加工和漢語連動(dòng)句中平行結(jié)構(gòu)的加工。 第一部分考察漢語并列句中平行結(jié)構(gòu)的加工特點(diǎn)。該實(shí)驗(yàn)用以“和”為連接的并列句為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料，“和”連接兩個(gè)并列成分，通過變換“和”字前面的成分的結(jié)構(gòu)改變并列的兩個(gè)成分之間的關(guān)系。為了考察平行結(jié)構(gòu)加工過程中是否出現(xiàn)平行效應(yīng)，實(shí)驗(yàn)中兩個(gè)并列成分首先存在“平行”和“不平行”兩種關(guān)系。除此之外，本實(shí)驗(yàn)還增加了一種“近似平行”的關(guān)系，以便考察平行效應(yīng)是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)在近似的平行結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)果顯示：平行關(guān)系下，興趣區(qū)內(nèi)的閱讀時(shí)間短于非平行關(guān)系。 第二部分考察漢語連動(dòng)句中平行結(jié)構(gòu)的加工特點(diǎn)。平行結(jié)構(gòu)不僅存在于并列句中，而且還存在于漢語的連動(dòng)句中，那么平行效應(yīng)是否存在于除了并列句以外的其他句式中呢？以往研究對于這個(gè)問題存在著很大的分歧。鑒于此，本實(shí)驗(yàn)以漢語句子中的連動(dòng)句為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料，通過變換連動(dòng)句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面的成分，使其與第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面的成分形成三種關(guān)系（平行、近似平行、不平行），以此來考察連動(dòng)句中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)的加工是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生平行效應(yīng)。結(jié)果顯示：三種類型下，興趣區(qū)內(nèi)的各種眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)并沒有明顯的差別。 本研究得出以下結(jié)論： （1）漢語句子理解中存在平行效應(yīng)。結(jié)構(gòu)的平行有效的增加了平行結(jié)構(gòu)中第二個(gè)成分的句法信息，降低了由第二個(gè)成分引起的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)，從而釋放了加工資源，促進(jìn)了加工，，因此閱讀速度變快了。 （2）漢語連動(dòng)句子理解中不存在平行效應(yīng)。平行效應(yīng)對句式有依賴，只存在于特殊的句式中，比如并列句，這種效應(yīng)并不是一種特殊的句法啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:In sentence comprehension, when two clauses or phrases have the same structure and assume the same syntactic role. In 1984, Frazier et al discovered the parallel effect by studying parallel structure in English sentences. Parallelism effects. Parallel effect means that when the reader reads the parallel structure, the trade union of the first component promotes the processing of the latter component. Parallel structure widely exists in various languages, so is there a parallel effect in Chinese sentence understanding? In this study, Chinese sentences are used as experimental materials to explore the understanding of Chinese sentences. This study consists of two parts: the processing of parallel structures in Chinese compound sentences and the processing of parallel structures in Chinese conjunctive sentences. In the first part, we investigate the processing characteristics of parallel structures in Chinese compound sentences. In this experiment, we use "and" as the experimental materials, and "connect" with two parallel components. By transforming the structure of the components in front of the word "and" to change the relationship between the two parallel components. In order to investigate whether parallel effects occur in the processing of parallel structures. There are two kinds of relations between "parallel" and "non-parallel" in the experiment. In addition, this experiment also adds a kind of "approximate parallelism" relationship. The results show that the reading time in the region of interest is shorter than that in the non-parallel relationship. The second part examines the processing characteristics of parallel structures in Chinese sentences. Parallel structures not only exist in complex sentences, but also in Chinese sentences. So does the parallel effect exist in other sentence patterns besides complex sentences? In view of this, this experiment uses the Chinese sentences as the experimental materials, by changing the elements after the first verb in the sentence. Make it form three kinds of relations (parallel, approximate parallel, not parallel) with the composition after the second verb. The results show that there is no significant difference in the eye movement index in the region of interest under the three types. This study draws the following conclusions: The parallel effect of the structure increases the syntactic information of the second component in the parallel structure and reduces the memory burden caused by the second component. Thus, the processing resources are released and the processing is promoted, so the speed of reading becomes faster. (2) there is no parallel effect in Chinese sentence comprehension. Parallel effect is dependent on sentence pattern and exists only in special sentence structure, such as compound sentence. This effect is not a special syntactic priming effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H146

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