美國電視史翻譯樣文
自1959年始，美國一家名為洛佩爾媒介調(diào)查公司（Roper Organization）就開始研究美國受眾對媒介的看法，主要問這樣兩個問題：1，你主要的新聞來源是什么？2，各新聞來源中，哪個是可信度最高的？選擇答案分別是：報紙、雜志、收音機、電視、聽別人說。
1959年進行的第一次調(diào)查中，報紙是人們最主要的新聞來源（67％）；電視居第二位，占全部調(diào)查人數(shù)的51％，其次是收音機、雜志和聽別人說。報紙在當(dāng)時也是最值得信賴的消息源（3％的人相信報紙所刊載的信息是真實的）；相信電視新聞的人不到總數(shù)的30％。
Since 1959, an American corporation called Roper Organization had begun to do a research about the attitudes of American citizens for media, and there are two main questions: 1. what is your main news source? 2. Among the main news sources, which one is the most reliable to you? The answer is newspaper, magazine, radio, Television, or hearing about news from others.
In the first research conducted in 1959, it was newspaper that was the main news source for people (67%); television came in second, accounting for 51% of total informants; others informants always got news from radio, magazine and others. At that time, newspaper was also one of the most trustful news sources (3% people trusted the information in newspapers); the total number of people who trusted the news conveyed by television was not more than 30%.
這一趨勢在1963年得到扭轉(zhuǎn)：電視趕上了報紙，開始成為人們最主要的消息來源，并且這個數(shù)字的增長趨勢一直保持了下去，其它新聞媒體漸漸被人們冷落。1979年前后，67％的調(diào)查對象認為電視是最主要的消息源，達到統(tǒng)計數(shù)字的歷史最高點，報紙、廣播等被遠遠拋在后面。雖然在后來通訊技術(shù)的發(fā)展中，電視業(yè)也曾遇到強有力的競爭對手——特別是電子計算機的問世給電視業(yè)帶來前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)，但據(jù)1988年的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明，電視仍占據(jù)著美國人最主要的消息源的位置：65％的美國人從電視中獲得對時事新聞的了解。
電視新聞的可信度也隨著電視的普及而提高。1961年開始，電視成為美國人認為最值得信賴的消息源。不可替代的畫面優(yōu)勢使電視新聞的信任度在1988年前后達到最高值：67％的調(diào)查對象認為電視新聞最可信；認為報紙可信的人只占26％；相信收音機新聞廣播的人只占全部調(diào)查對象的6.7％——而在電視還不普及的60年代初，這個數(shù)字是12％。The trend was changed in 1963. Television exceeded newspaper and became the uppermost news source for people, and the exceeding trend had maintained and other news mediums were gradually indifferent and ignored by people. Around 1979, 67% people believed the television was the main news source, which reached to the peak percentage in statistic history, and newspaper and radio fell behind far away from television. Although television had met strong competitor in the progress of communication technology afterwards, especially the unprecedented challenge from invention of computer. However, as the statistics conducted in 1988, television was still the main news source for American citizens, and 65% American got the information of current news from watching television.
The reliability of TV news has been improved gradually as television industry thrives. Since 1961, television has become the most reliable news source for American. The irreplaceable frames advantage made the credit level of television news reach to the peak around 1988. 67% informants believed television news was most reliable. 26% informants and 6.7％ informants believed television news and radio were most reliable separately. In 1960s when television was not popularized, only 12% informants believed television news was most reliable.
從洛佩爾媒介調(diào)查公司的歷年調(diào)查結(jié)果可以看出：人們更愿意自己親自“看到”新聞，“親臨”新聞現(xiàn)場，“眼見為實”（Seeing is believing）。就是這個原因，使得電視在所有的新聞媒介中脫穎而出，成為最大多數(shù)美國人的最可信賴的媒介。電視新聞的優(yōu)勢連續(xù)保持近40年。
In view of the research results conducted by Roper Organization every year, we can know people are willing to watch news and saw the news at first person point of view, and they think seeing is believing. Due to this reason, television has become outstanding among all new mediums and become the most reliable media to the majority of American citizens. The advantage of television has lasted for nearly 40 years.美國電視發(fā)展早期的新聞報道
一、美國早期電視試驗和試驗電視節(jié)目的播出
二、第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后美國電視新聞業(yè)的發(fā)展
1、廣播節(jié)目向電視節(jié)目過渡
2、50年代的電視新聞發(fā)展
3、電視新聞業(yè)發(fā)展的挫折——“凍結(jié)”行動與黑名單
News Report in the beginning of television’s development in US
1.American Television Experiment in early stage and the broadcast of experimental television programme.
2.The development of American television after the Second World War
2.1Broadcasting program is transited to television programme.
2.2The development of television news in 1950s.
2.3The setback of television news’ development —“Frozen” Action and blacklist
電視新聞成為電視臺的支柱 （60、70年代）
Television news has become the stanchion for television station (in 1960s and 1970s)
一、60年代：促成電視新聞地位迅速提高的事件
二、70年代：水門事件報道和“快樂談話”的出現(xiàn)
1. 1960s: the events that contribute to the rapid rise of television news’ position
2. 1970s: report of Watergate Affair and emergence of “Happy Conversation”
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