發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-03 19:13

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 贓物 善意取得 救濟(jì)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：善意取得是指對(duì)某財(cái)物沒有處分權(quán)利的人違反法律規(guī)定將其轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三者,如果受讓該財(cái)物的買受人取得該物的所有權(quán)時(shí)系出于善意,那么他便可以成為該財(cái)物的所有權(quán)人。該制度是伴隨著商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,為適應(yīng)商品交換的需要而產(chǎn)生的一項(xiàng)重要的民事制度。在其發(fā)展史上,占有脫離物能否適用善意取得一直都是一個(gè)十分重要的問題,尤其是贓物的善意取得問題更是難以解決。針對(duì)這個(gè)問題的法律規(guī)定只存在于刑法領(lǐng)域的司法解釋當(dāng)中,而在《物權(quán)法》里,確將贓物排除在善意取得的適用范圍外,未能予以明確其法律屬性,因此在實(shí)踐中適用時(shí),可能會(huì)因不同地區(qū)的司法部門對(duì)司法解釋理解的差異導(dǎo)致不同的判決結(jié)果。贓物的善意取得問題,其實(shí)就是對(duì)于追繳的贓物的所有權(quán)歸屬于刑事被害人還是歸屬于善意第三人的問題,該問題所產(chǎn)生的法律關(guān)系本質(zhì)上是屬于民事領(lǐng)域的,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)由民法,尤其是物權(quán)法來進(jìn)行規(guī)范。贓物適用善意取得后不可避免的會(huì)出現(xiàn)一定的法律效果,總是會(huì)導(dǎo)致某個(gè)權(quán)利人的權(quán)益被侵害,而這個(gè)時(shí)候在相關(guān)權(quán)利人的合法權(quán)益受到侵害時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)適用怎樣的法律救濟(jì)途徑才能更好的平衡整體利益也是一個(gè)很重要的問題。善意取得制度目的在于平衡原權(quán)利人與善意第三人之間的利益,而該制度的實(shí)施,必然會(huì)造成反射性的后果,那就是權(quán)利人失權(quán),當(dāng)然如果剝奪一方的權(quán)利,而其又得不到相應(yīng)的賠償,這顯然是與民法中的公平原則不相符的。該制度雖然在一定程度上使原權(quán)利人的利益得不到保護(hù),但維護(hù)了交易安全和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。這個(gè)整體利益,當(dāng)然高于原權(quán)利人的個(gè)別利益,所以應(yīng)該優(yōu)先保護(hù)。在當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的今天,隨著交易行為的日益頻繁,構(gòu)建一個(gè)針對(duì)贓物善意取得問題的制度體系迫在眉睫。因此要盡快完善善意取得制度及其相關(guān)法律的建立和健全,比如贓物適用善意取得制度的具體構(gòu)成要件以及權(quán)利人救濟(jì)程序的具體構(gòu)建,從其立法制度上剖析使其能夠更好有效的適應(yīng)當(dāng)今社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需求�！段餀�(quán)法》作為基本法,要承擔(dān)其應(yīng)有的使命,對(duì)贓物的權(quán)利最終歸屬作出明確的規(guī)定,尤其是在善意的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上加以嚴(yán)格界定,同時(shí)對(duì)回復(fù)請(qǐng)求權(quán)行使的確定一個(gè)合適的期間,最后對(duì)不適用善意取得的特定物品的范圍要出詳細(xì)具體的規(guī)定。公民知情權(quán)的保障和實(shí)現(xiàn)是現(xiàn)代文明社會(huì)的重要特征之一,而在涉案財(cái)物處理中程序不公開,造成在程序上無法充分保障第三人的合法權(quán)益。我國(guó)法律沒有規(guī)定在第三人權(quán)益可能受到侵害的時(shí)候司法機(jī)關(guān)負(fù)有告知義務(wù),所以我國(guó)并沒有專門的保護(hù)善意第三人的訴訟程序,鑒于此,筆者對(duì)權(quán)利人救濟(jì)的程序進(jìn)行了設(shè)想,提出了具體的構(gòu)建建議,為我國(guó)法制建設(shè)盡一份綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:Bona fide acquisition refers to a person who does not have the right to dispose of a property and transfers it to a third party in violation of the law. If the buyer of the property has acquired the ownership of the property, it is out of good faith. Then he can become the owner of the property. The system is accompanied by the development of the commodity economy, in order to meet the needs of commodity exchange and an important civil system. It has always been a very important question whether good faith acquisition can be applied to possession separation. In particular, the problem of bona fide acquisition of stolen goods is even more difficult to solve. The legal provisions for this problem only exist in the judicial interpretation in the field of criminal law, and in the "property Law". It is true that the stolen goods are excluded from the scope of application of bona fide acquisition, and the legal attributes of the stolen goods are not clear, so they are applicable in practice. Different judicial interpretations may lead to different decisions. The problem of the bona fide acquisition of stolen goods may be caused by the differences of judicial interpretation in different regions. In fact, the ownership of the stolen goods is attributed to the criminal victim or the third party in good faith. The legal relationship generated by the problem is essentially a civil field, so it should be civil law. In particular, the property law to regulate. Stolen goods in good faith will inevitably be acquired after a certain legal effect, will always lead to a right of the rights and interests of the infringement. And at this time when the legitimate rights and interests of the relevant rights and interests are infringed. What kind of legal remedy should be applied in order to better balance the overall interests is also a very important issue. The purpose of bona fide acquisition system is to balance the interests between the original right holder and the bona fide third party. And the implementation of the system will inevitably lead to reflexive consequences, that is, the right holders lose their rights, of course, if deprived of the rights of one party, and it can not get the corresponding compensation. This is obviously inconsistent with the principle of fairness in civil law. Although to some extent, the system does not protect the interests of the original right holders, it maintains the transaction security and the order of the market economy. Of course higher than the original rights of the individual interests, so should be given priority to protect. In the current rapid development of the market economy today, with the increasingly frequent trading behavior. It is urgent to construct a system to solve the problem of bona fide acquisition of stolen goods. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the establishment and perfection of bona fide acquisition system and related laws as soon as possible. For example, the specific components of the bona fide acquisition system and the specific construction of the relief procedures of the obligee are applicable to the stolen goods. From its legislative system analysis to make it better and more effective to meet the needs of today's social and economic development. As a basic law, it should undertake its due mission, and make clear provisions on the rights of stolen goods. Especially in the bona fide identification criteria to be strictly defined, at the same time the exercise of the right to respond to the request to determine a suitable period. Finally, the scope of the specific goods that do not apply in good faith should be specified in detail. The protection and realization of the citizen's right to know is one of the important characteristics of modern civilized society, but the procedure of handling the property involved in the case is not open. As a result, the legal rights and interests of the third party can not be fully protected in the procedure. The law of our country does not stipulate that when the rights and interests of the third party may be infringed, the judicial organ has the obligation to inform. Therefore, there is no special litigation procedure to protect bona fide third party in our country. In view of this, the author conceives the procedure of relief to the obligee, puts forward concrete construction suggestions, and makes a modest contribution to the construction of legal system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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本文編號(hào)：1488140