發(fā)布時間：2017-12-27 10:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：梁啟超的“力本論”思想研究　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 力本論 動力 物力 心力

【摘要】：本文試圖以“力”為視角重新解讀梁啟超的思想,綜其一生,他都在思考“中國式動力如何可能”的問題。梁啟超不僅以“物力”作為“動力”,而且將“心力”視為“動力”,因此構(gòu)建了“力本論”的三部曲：“動力”、“物力”、“心力”。梁啟超對“力本論”的思考首先指向“宇宙觀的重建”。傳統(tǒng)“虛靜”的宇宙本體,在梁啟超的思想視域中呈現(xiàn)為“力本論”的宇宙觀。梁啟超以“動力”說顛覆了古代宇宙觀,進(jìn)而以“動力因”取代“目的因”。借助于“推天理以明人事”的傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)思維范式,梁啟超進(jìn)而思考“歷史進(jìn)化”的動力。在他看來,歷史之進(jìn)化需要“競爭”與“創(chuàng)造”,同時對“暴力”亦有所思考。梁啟超對“物力”的思考首先與“富強(qiáng)”的時代主題相涉,在尋求富強(qiáng)的視域中,物力表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)力量和軍事力量。如果說物力富強(qiáng)是表面的國家目標(biāo),那么物力進(jìn)步乃是進(jìn)一步的訴求。“物力”在近代的勃興,自然需要哲學(xué)的辯護(hù)。根據(jù)梁啟超的見解,物力觀的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)涵兩個層面：“義利之辨”在近代的價值翻轉(zhuǎn)、“理欲之爭”在近代的邏輯展開。梁啟超明確表示：在“動力的追尋”這一問題上,“心力”比“物力”更為重要。他對心力的理解有四個層面：一是在心理意義上的心力；二是在本體論意義上的心力；三是在道德哲學(xué)意義上的心力；四是在歷史哲學(xué)意義上的心力。進(jìn)而言之,他將“心力”與“意志力”互釋,提出自由意志學(xué)說,不僅追問了“自由意志”如何可能,也意識到“自由意志”與“決定論”之間的內(nèi)在緊張,并試圖以“相容論”消解二者之間的張力。不惟如此,梁啟超還窺見到當(dāng)時中國人的“意志薄弱”,進(jìn)而引發(fā)其對意志薄弱如何發(fā)生的思考,同時也提出了如何克服意志薄弱的解決之道。難能可貴的是,梁啟超不僅構(gòu)建了“力本論”的哲學(xué)體系,而且對“力本論”本身亦有所反思。質(zhì)言之,以《歐游心影錄》為背景的這一反思,一方面可以視為對“進(jìn)化主義在中國”的反思；另一方亦可視為對“中國現(xiàn)代性之路”的反思。因此,梁啟超對現(xiàn)代性危機(jī)的診斷,可以視為“反現(xiàn)代性的現(xiàn)代性理論”的致思路徑。
[Abstract]:This article tries to reinterpret Liang Qichao's thought from the perspective of "force", and he is thinking about the question of "how the Chinese power is possible". Liang Qichao not only regards "material force" as a "power", but also regards "heart power" as a "power". Therefore, the trilogy of "force based theory" is constructed: "power", "material force" and "mental strength". Liang Qichao's thinking of "the theory of force" first points to the "reconstruction of the view of the universe". The traditional "silent" universe noumenon appears in Liang Qichao's ideological horizon as a "force - based" view of the universe. Liang Qichao subverted the ancient cosmological view by "power", and then replaced "purpose cause" with "motive force". With the help of "push the justice to that personnel" of the traditional philosophy, Liang Qichao and then think about "power history evolution". In his view, the evolution of history needs "competition" and "creation", while the "violence" is also thought. Liang Qichao's thinking of "material power" is first related to the theme of "rich and strong". In the field of seeking prosperity and strength, the power of material is economic and military. If the material strength is the national goal of the surface, the progress of material force is the further demand. "Material force" in the modern flourishing, nature needs the defense of philosophy. According to Liang Qichao's view, the philosophical foundation of the material force view includes two levels: the logic of "righteousness and profit differentiation" in modern times, and the argument of "reason and desire" in modern logic. Liang Qichao made it clear that "heart force" is more important than "physical force" on the issue of "pursuit of power". His understanding of mental force includes four levels: one is mental power in psychological sense; the other is in the sense of ontology; the three is the mental force in the sense of moral philosophy; the four is the mental force in the sense of historical philosophy. Furthermore, he will "force" and "willpower" mutual interpretation, free will theory, not only asked for "free will" how possible is also aware of the inherent tension between the free will "and" determinism ", and attempts to" compatibility theory "resolution of the tension between the two. Not only that, Liang Qichao also saw the "weak will" of the Chinese at that time, which led to its thinking about how the weak will happen. At the same time, it also put forward how to overcome the weak minded solution. It is precious that Liang Qichao not only constructs the philosophical system of "the theory of force", but also reflects on the theory of force itself. In other words, the "European tour was recorded heart shadow" as a reflection of the background, on the one hand can be seen as a reflection on evolutionism in Chinese "; the other party is also regarded as a reflection of" Chinese modernity way ". Therefore, Liang Qichao's diagnosis of modernity crisis can be regarded as the thinking path of "modernity theory of anti modernity".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B259.1
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本文編號：1341358