本文關鍵詞：英語合取類并列結(jié)構(gòu)的生成研究　出處：《延邊大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 并列結(jié)構(gòu) 并列連詞 并列項 線性結(jié)構(gòu) 層級結(jié)構(gòu) 生成機制

【摘要】：作為一種被廣泛使用的語法組合手段,并列也是句法測試中的常用工具。然而自身卻與現(xiàn)有語法理論"格格不入"。由于構(gòu)造簡單也未得到應有的重視,學界對其進行的專門的、系統(tǒng)的研究并不多。更有甚者,將并列結(jié)構(gòu)視為生成語法理論體系內(nèi)的反例認為從生成角度對并列結(jié)構(gòu)的研究是以己之長攻己之短而刻意進行回避。在生成語法體系內(nèi),國內(nèi)外對合取類并列的研究成果大都基于二項式名詞性并列的相關語料,且忽略了并列結(jié)構(gòu)句中存在的"雙層結(jié)構(gòu)"特性,要么過于看重并列項之間的限制關系,割裂地對并列結(jié)構(gòu)進行分析;要么過于看重單個并列項與句中其他成分間的關系,而無視并列結(jié)構(gòu)的整體性。因此,學界對并列結(jié)構(gòu)的限制條件和并列連詞and的句法地位等產(chǎn)生了諸多爭議,對并列結(jié)構(gòu)的語法屬性及形態(tài)句法特征也未作出合理解答以至于對并列結(jié)構(gòu)的生成模式多停留在假設階段,不能達成共識。鑒于此本文將研究范圍從合取類的二項式名詞并列延伸至二項式和三項式名詞并列以及二項式動詞并列,并潛在地將語言間合取類并列結(jié)構(gòu)的差異及共性作為參照點,嘗試在生成語法最簡方案的理論框架內(nèi)重新思考并定位并列結(jié)構(gòu)。同時,將三組對立貫穿在全文的分析過程中:1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部與外部;2)并列與非并列;3)線性結(jié)構(gòu)關系與層級結(jié)構(gòu)關系。通過尋求線性結(jié)構(gòu)關系和層級結(jié)構(gòu)關系之間的鏈接點,明晰并列結(jié)構(gòu)的限制條件、并列結(jié)構(gòu)的語法屬性以及并列結(jié)構(gòu)與非并列結(jié)構(gòu)(簡單結(jié)構(gòu)和從屬結(jié)構(gòu))在句法層面存在的差異,從而明確并列結(jié)構(gòu)的生成機理、相應的生成模式和運作機制。文章主體包括三部分:第四章并列結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部關系、第五章并列結(jié)構(gòu)的外部關系和第六章并列結(jié)構(gòu)的生成模式。其中,第四章和第五章同屬線性關系的分析范圍,第六章則重在層級關系。三個章節(jié)具體的分析角度涵蓋以下三方面:1)并列項之間的關系。并非所有的語言單位都能自由合并生成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。若要成為并列連詞and兩側(cè)的并列項,必然需要滿足一系列的限制條件。而這些限制條件如何體現(xiàn)在并列的線性結(jié)構(gòu)關系和層級結(jié)構(gòu)關系中,這是本文分析的一個出發(fā)點。2)并列項與并列連詞and之間的關系。該層面的分析聚焦于:哪個要素能夠成為并列結(jié)構(gòu)"C1 and C2"的核心,是唯一的并列連詞還是某一并列項?這其中涉及并列結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部合并方式和and在線性結(jié)構(gòu)和層級結(jié)構(gòu)中的句法功能。3)并列項與并列結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關系。這一角度主要探析并列結(jié)構(gòu)的語法屬性、所攜帶的形態(tài)句法特征及其來源。本文的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)如下:1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)是"求同存異"的結(jié)構(gòu)體,"求同存異"的特征組構(gòu)是并列結(jié)構(gòu)的限制條件。"求同"在于并列項的語義類型、攜帶的語法特征及其在層級結(jié)構(gòu)中所處的句法位置。"存異"在于并列項攜帶的語義特征和所處的句法層級。2)明確了并列連詞and的句法功能:其一是借助強制性空位,提供并列的基本結(jié)構(gòu)框架;其二是借助共享特征和共享成分,使進入空位的并列項呈現(xiàn)出"求同存異"的特性;其三是and作為提取并列項所攜帶特征的指令,使并列項位置被無限制復制。3)指出并列結(jié)構(gòu)的生成源于并列的遞歸功能。任何一個XP皆可無限遞歸,遞歸的方式之一便是添加CoP對自身進行復制,CoP改寫為Co和另一個XP。在XP的無限遞歸過程中,并列連詞[Coand]是傳遞特征的通道,將C2的特征傳遞給C1,乃至整個并列結(jié)構(gòu)。andDP的語義類型為e,e,e,andVp的語義類型為et,et,ett.也就是說,并列結(jié)構(gòu)的語義類型與單個并列項相同,并列連詞and并不改變并列結(jié)構(gòu)的語法屬性�；谏鲜霭l(fā)現(xiàn),本文提出了并列結(jié)構(gòu)的生成模式,模式具有以下特點:1)位于最低層級的Co必須語音實現(xiàn)為and,其他層級的Co可選擇性實現(xiàn)為and。2)所有并列項的根節(jié)點相同,姊妹節(jié)點同為CoP。3)該模式中運用的句法操作手段為復制,并列的生成過程是句法位置的無限復制過程。占據(jù)每個位置的并列項XP1、XP2、XP3...XPn是XP的形式復制品,它們攜帶"求同存異"的形式特征,在句法上同質(zhì),不同的則是語音形式和語義內(nèi)容。同時,本文解決了并列結(jié)構(gòu)中存在的成分外置問題、多項式并列的合并分組與多重語義問題、too的分布問題以及不同類型副詞的位置問題。
[Abstract]:As a widely used grammatical combination, parallel is also a common tool in syntactic testing. However, it is "incompatible" with the existing grammar theory. Because the structure is simple and not received due attention, the academic field of special and systematic research on it is not much. What's more, the parallel structure is regarded as a counterexample in the generative grammar theory system. It is considered that the research on the coordinate structure from the generative angle is to avoid it with the aim of attacking its own length and deliberately avoiding it. In the generative grammar system, the domestic and foreign research results on parallel corpus are conjunctive category noun coordinate based on binomial, and ignore the sentence parallel structure in the presence of "double structure" characteristics, either too much restrictions on parallel relationships between items, separately carries on the analysis to the structure and column; too much or other the single component items in the sentence, while ignoring the parallel structure integrity. Therefore, scholars had a lot of controversy restrictions on parallel structure are used with and syntactic position, the grammatical attributes and morphosyntactic features of parallel structure also did not make a reasonable answer to that mode of generating parallel structure stays in the hypothesis stage, can not reach a consensus. This paper will study the class of conjunctive nouns from binomial binomial and parallel extended to three nouns and verbs are binomial tied, and potentially the language class conjunctive parallel structure differences and similarities as a reference point, try to rethink the positioning and coordinate structure in the framework of generative grammar in the minimalist program. At the same time, the three sets of opposites run through the analysis process of the whole text: 1) the internal and external structures of the parallel structure; 2) the parallel and non juxtaposition; 3) the relationship between the linear structure and the hierarchical structure. By seeking linear structural relations and hierarchical structure relationship links, clear constraints, parallel coordinate structure grammar property and parallel structure and non parallel structure (simple structure and subordinate structure) differences in syntactic level exist, so as to clear the parallel mechanism, structure of the corresponding generation mode and operation mechanism. The main body of the article consists of three parts: the fourth chapter, the internal relations of the parallel structure, the external relations of the fifth chapters of the parallel structure and the generation mode of the parallel structure in the sixth chapters. Among them, the fourth and fifth chapters are of the same linear relationship, and the sixth chapter emphasizes the hierarchy. The three sections of the analysis cover the following three aspects: 1) the relationship between the parallel items. Not all linguistic units are free to merge into a parallel structure. It is necessary to satisfy a series of restrictive conditions to become a parallel conjunction on both sides of the conjunctive conjunction and. How these constraints are reflected in the parallel linear structure and the hierarchical structure, which is a starting point for the analysis of this article. 2) the relationship between the paratactic term and the conjunctions and. The level of analysis focused on core elements which can be "C1 and C2" parallel structure, is the only conjunctions or a list together? That involves a parallel structure with internal mode and and syntactic function in the linear structure and hierarchical structure in. 3) the relationship between the juxtaposition and the parallel structure. This angle mainly analyzes the grammatical attributes of the parallel structure, the morphological and syntactic features carried by the juxtaposition and its source. The main findings of this paper are as follows: 1) the parallel structure is the structure of "seeking common ground and saving differences", and the characteristic structure of "seeking common differences" is the restrictive condition of the parallel structure. "Accommodationist" is conjunct semantic types, grammatical features and the carry in the hierarchy of syntactic position. The difference is that the items carried by the semantic features and the syntactic level. 2) a clear parallel syntactic function and: one is the mandatory vacancy, provide the basic framework of parallel; the second is with the features of sharing and sharing components into the open items showing a "common ground" character; the third is and as extraction and items carried by the characteristics of the instruction, make the items the location is unrestricted copying. 3) point out that the generation of the parallel structure is derived from the parallel recursive function. Any XP can be recursively recursively, and one of the ways of recursion is to add CoP to itself, and to rewrite CoP to Co and another XP. In the infinite recursive process of XP, the parallel conjunction [Coand] is the channel of transmitting the feature, which passes the features of the C2 to the C1 and even the whole parallel structure. The semantic types of andDP are e, e, e and andVp. The semantic types are et, et and ett.. That is to say, the semantic type of the parallel structure is the same as the single parallel item. The coordinate conjunction and does not change the grammatical attribute of the coordinate structure. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes the generation mode of the parallel structure. The pattern has the following characteristics: 1) the Co at the lowest level must be and, and Co at other levels can be selectively realized as and. 2) the root nodes of all the parallel items are the same, and the sister nodes are CoP. 3) the syntactic operation used in this model is duplicated, and the generation process of the parallel is an infinite copy process of the syntactic position. XP1, XP2 and XP3 are the juxtaposed items of each location. XPn is a form replica of XP. They carry the form characteristics of "seeking common ground while reserving differences", syntactic homogeneity, and different forms of speech and semantic content. At the same time, this paper solves the problem of component outlay in the parallel structure, the merging and grouping of polynomials, multiple semantic problems, the distribution of too and the location of different adverbs.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H314.3
，

本文編號：1340009