發(fā)布時間：2018-12-14 18:23

【摘要】：為研究白洋淀表層水體中多環(huán)芳烴(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)和有機氯農(nóng)藥(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)的季節(jié)性污染特征及來源,分析了白洋淀12個監(jiān)測斷面春、夏兩季表層水體中17種PAHs和15種OCPs的濃度.結(jié)果表明,白洋淀春季表層水體中PAHs總濃度范圍是35.38~88.06 ng·L~(-1),平均值為46.57 ng·L~(-1),夏季表層水體中PAHs總濃度范圍是25.64~301.41 ng·L~(-1),平均值為76.23 ng·L~(-1);白洋淀春季表層水體中OCPs總濃度范圍是0.69~4.50 ng·L~(-1),平均值為1.77 ng·L~(-1);夏季表層水體中OCPs總濃度范圍是0.11~3.20 ng·L~(-1),平均值為0.90 ng·L~(-1).白洋淀春、夏兩季表層水體中PAHs季節(jié)性污染特征表現(xiàn)為前塘、關(guān)城和安新橋等3個斷面夏季PAHs總濃度要遠高于春季,而其他9個斷面則均表現(xiàn)為春季略高于夏季;OCPs季節(jié)性污染特征表現(xiàn)為關(guān)城斷面夏季OCPs總濃度高于春季,而其他11個監(jiān)測斷面均表現(xiàn)為春季高于夏季.從白洋淀春、夏兩季表層水體PAHs和OCPs組成特征來看,春季各監(jiān)測斷面PAHs主要以三環(huán)芳烴為主,占PAHs總濃度的比例為45.92%~61.36%(平均為52.60%);夏季安新橋、前塘和關(guān)城等3個監(jiān)測斷面主要以二環(huán)芳烴萘(Naphthalene,Nap)為主,其濃度分別占PAHs總濃度的比例高達84.91%、91.04%和78.10%,其他9個監(jiān)測斷面主要以三環(huán)芳烴為主,占PAHs總濃度的比例為37.14%~53.90%(平均為48.94%);白洋淀表層水體中只有HCHs和DDTs有不同程度檢出,且呈現(xiàn)出以HCHs為主的污染特征,其中,春季各監(jiān)測斷面表層水體中HCHs均以β-HCH為主,占HCHs總濃度的29.94%~100%,平均比例為59.87%,而夏季大張莊、郭里口等5個監(jiān)測斷面表層水體中HCHs以β-HCH為主,占HCHs總濃度的57.55%~80.23%,平均比例為61.98%,其他斷面以α-HCHs和δ-HCH為主.分析白洋淀春、夏兩季表層水體中PAHs和OCPs的來源,PAHs同分異構(gòu)體比值顯示其PAHs主要來源于燃燒源,部分監(jiān)測斷面還存在石油源;而OCPs同分異構(gòu)體比值顯示其OCPs主要來源于環(huán)境殘留和大氣的長距離傳輸.白洋淀表層水體中PAHs和OCPs濃度不超過不同國家和組織制定的相關(guān)水質(zhì)標準,但安新橋和圈頭兩個監(jiān)測斷面表層水體中α-HCH、p,p'-DDD濃度超過了美國環(huán)保署制定的人體健康水質(zhì)基準,表明α-HCH和p,p'-DDD可能會對白洋淀淀區(qū)居民產(chǎn)生潛在有害影響.
[Abstract]:In order to study the seasonal pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (organochlorine pesticides,OCPs) in the surface water of Baiyangdian Lake, 12 monitoring sections of Baiyangdian Lake were analyzed. Concentrations of 17 PAHs and 15 OCPs in surface water in summer and summer. The results showed that the total concentration range of PAHs in surface water of Baiyangdian in spring was 35.388.06 ng L ~ (-1), the average value was 46.57 ng L ~ (-1), and the total concentration of PAHs in surface water in summer was 25.64 ~ 301.41 ng L ~ (-1). The mean value was 76.23 ng L ~ (-1); The total concentration range of OCPs in surface water of Baiyangdian in spring is 0.69 ~ 4.50 ng L ~ (-1), the average is 1.77 ng L ~ (-1); The total concentration range of OCPs in surface water in summer is 0.110.20 ng L ~ (-1), with an average of 0.90 ng L ~ (-1). The seasonal pollution characteristics of PAHs in surface water in Baiyangdian spring and summer are Qiantang, Guancheng and Anxinqiao, the total PAHs concentration in summer is much higher than that in spring, while the other 9 sections are slightly higher in spring than in summer. The seasonal pollution characteristics of OCPs showed that the total concentration of OCPs in summer was higher than that in spring, while the other 11 monitoring sections were higher in spring than in summer. According to the composition of PAHs and OCPs in the surface water of Baiyangdian spring and summer, the PAHs of each monitoring section in spring was mainly composed of tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which accounted for 45.92% of the total PAHs concentration (average 52.60%). In summer, the three monitoring sections of Anxinqiao, Qiantang and Guancheng were mainly dicyclic aromatic naphthalene (Naphthalene,Nap), whose concentrations were as high as 84.91% and 78.104%, respectively, in the total concentration of PAHs. The other 9 monitoring sections were mainly tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, accounting for 37.14% of the total concentration of PAHs 53.90% (average 48.94%); In the surface water of Baiyangdian, only HCHs and DDTs were detected to some extent, and the pollution characteristics were mainly HCHs. Among them, 尾-HCH was the main HCHs in the surface water of each monitoring section in spring, accounting for 29.94100% of the total HCHs concentration. The average ratio was 59.87, while in summer, 尾-HCH was dominant in the surface water of the five monitoring sections, such as DaZhangzhuang and Guolikou, accounting for 57.55% of the total concentration of HCHs. The average ratio was 61.98. The other sections are mainly 偽-HCHs and 未-HCH. The sources of PAHs and OCPs in the surface water of Baiyangdian Lake in spring and summer were analyzed. The ratio of PAHs isomers showed that the PAHs was mainly from the combustion source, and there were oil sources in some monitoring sections. The isomer ratio of OCPs shows that its OCPs is mainly derived from environmental residues and long distance transport in the atmosphere. The concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in the surface water of Baiyangdian do not exceed the relevant water quality standards established by different countries and organizations, but 偽-HCH,p, in the surface water of Anxinqiao and Huankou are monitored. The concentration of p'-DDD exceeded the standard of human health water quality established by EPA, indicating that 偽-HCH and PTED may have a potentially harmful effect on the residents of Baiyangdian Lake area.
【作者單位】： 海河流域水環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心;南開大學(xué)環(huán)境污染過程與基準教育部重點實驗室;
【基金】：環(huán)境污染過程與基準教育部重點實驗室開放課題項目(KL-PPEC-2015-3) 科技部國際科技合作專項(2013DFA71340) 國家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(2012ZX07203-002)
【分類號】：X524

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