發(fā)布時間：2018-10-20 08:06

【摘要】：目前我國正加速步入老齡化社會,隨著年齡的增長,老年人的大腦功能不可避免地會出現(xiàn)一定程度的衰退,作為腦功能一項重要指標的認知功能也會衰退,這會影響老年個體的身心健康與生活品質(zhì)。老年人為我們的社會和國家做出了貢獻,我們理應盡可能提供更多更好的機會幫助他們提高生活質(zhì)量、安度晚年。文盲是老年人群體重要的一部分,中國在第六次人口普查(2010年)中,文盲人口為5465.6萬人,與2000年第五次人口普查相比,文盲率由6.72%下降為4.08%,雖然我國文盲所占的比重有所下降,但是在20世紀上半葉左右,由于貧窮、生活條件差等因素,造成了65歲以上的老年人占據(jù)了文盲人口的大多數(shù),這部分弱勢群體應該引起重視。言語流暢性指個體運用語言工具傳遞信息的流利程度,表現(xiàn)人類基本的言語能力,包括語音流暢性和語義流暢性,言語流暢性一直被神經(jīng)心理學家作為生理心理學研究的診斷指標,是因為它不僅對于來自病因?qū)W的認知功能損傷具有敏感性,而且對于識別那些健康的、但是發(fā)生年齡相關(guān)的記憶損傷的個體,或者具有發(fā)展成帕金森病危險的個體也十分敏感,因此研究制定不同年齡、教育背景個體的言語流暢度的正常范圍顯得十分重要。國外有關(guān)文盲、非文盲老年人言語流暢性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),言語流暢性受到多重因素的影響,年齡、教育、性別、語言等因素都會對其產(chǎn)生影響,教育對言語流暢測驗具有促進作用,而且對語音流暢性具有更大的促進作用,語音流暢性不受年齡因素的影響,而年齡對語義流暢性的影響顯著。國外的研究主要是基于表音文字,字母語系的字詞屬于表音文字,加工過程中受語音的影響較大,由于漢字作為表意文字,與拉丁字母語系的文字在物理特征、正字法水平和形音義關(guān)系等方面上存在較大差異,因此對字母語系文盲的研究成果不一定適用于表意文字。而國內(nèi)有關(guān)老年人言語流暢性的研究,大多是探討言語流暢性對認知功能退化相關(guān)疾病如阿爾茨海默病的診斷價值,較少關(guān)注正常文盲、非文盲老年人言語流暢能力的影響因素。因此,本研究試圖從文盲、非文盲被試的角度,探討漢語文化背景下我國健康老年人言語流暢功能受教育背景、年齡等因素的影響,并通過回歸分析以確定教育、年齡、性別因素對語音、語義流暢性的影響程度。這不僅是從實證方面對漢語文化背景下老年人言語能力影響因素的初步探討,也是以另一種方式管窺教育對認知功能的影響,拓寬了探討教育與認知功能關(guān)系的有效路徑,同時,深化了年齡對基本認知功能的影響,對認知功能老化理論具有指導意義。本研究主要通過問卷和言語流暢性測驗的方法選擇山東省臨沂市的城鄉(xiāng)老年人作為被試,經(jīng)過篩選最后確定40個健康老年人參與實驗研究,將實驗材料打印,由經(jīng)過標準化培訓的主試施測,地點是被試的家中,經(jīng)過被試同意的情況下進行現(xiàn)場錄音以防止漏聽或者誤聽被試的報告。通過對文盲、非文盲老年個體人口學變量上的差異檢驗,教育背景、年齡對言語流暢性測驗影響的方差分析,不同影響因素與任務的交互作用分析,老年個體不同任務影響因素的回歸分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):1、以文盲、非文盲健康老年人為被試,語義流暢性的得分顯著高于語音流暢性得分。2、不同教育背景的被試在語音流暢測驗和語義流暢測驗兩項任務上均出現(xiàn)顯著差異,兩項任務的得分均隨著教育水平的提高而增加。3、各年齡組的被試受教育年限沒有顯著差異,各組的語音流暢性得分差異不顯著,在語義流暢性測驗中發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著年齡的增長,測驗的分數(shù)逐漸降低,高年齡組的得分最低。4、對語音、語義流暢性進行解釋性回歸分析,年齡、教育背景變量與因變量語義流暢性的多元線性關(guān)系顯著,在語音流暢性多元回歸分析中只有教育背景與因變量的線性關(guān)系顯著。5、教育背景與不同語義分類標準的交互作用邊緣顯著,教育背景主要對“商品”這一語義標準的影響顯著,對“動物”這一標準的影響邊緣顯著。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is accelerating the aging society. With the increase of age, the brain function of the old people inevitably has a certain degree of recession, and the cognitive function, which is an important index of brain function, will also fade, which will affect the physical and mental health and the quality of life of the aged individuals. Older persons have made a contribution to our society and our country, and we should provide as much better opportunities as possible to help them improve their quality of life and their old age. Illiteracy is an important part of the elderly population. In China's sixth census (2010), the illiteracy rate is 546.5 million. Compared with the fifth census in 2000, illiteracy rate is reduced from 6.72% to 4.08%, although the proportion of illiteracy among our country has declined. However, in the first half of the twentieth century, as a result of poverty and poor living conditions, older persons over the age of 65 occupied the majority of the illiterate population, which should be given priority. Verbal fluency refers to the degree of fluency that the individual uses the language tool to convey information, expressing human basic speech ability, including speech fluency and semantic fluency, speech fluency has been used as a diagnostic index of physiological psychology research by neuropsychologists, because it is not only sensitive to impairment of cognitive function from the brain, but also sensitive to individuals who identify those healthy, age-related memory impairment, or individuals having a risk of developing Parkinson's disease, studies have developed different ages, The normal range of speech fluency in education background is very important. The study of the verbal fluency of illiteracy and non-illiteracy among the foreign countries has found that speech fluency is influenced by multiple factors, such as age, education, sex, language, etc. but also has a greater promoting effect on the voice fluency, the voice fluency is not influenced by the age factor, and the age has significant influence on the semantic fluency. The research abroad is mainly based on the phonological characters, the words of the letter language family belong to the phonetic text, the influence of the voice in the processing process is large, because the Chinese character is used as the ideographic character, and the character of the Latin alphabet language family is in the physical characteristic, There is a great difference in the relation between the horizontal and the shape of the orthography, so the research results of the letter-language illiteracy do not necessarily apply to the ideographic characters. However, the study of speech fluency in the elderly is mostly concerned with the diagnostic value of speech fluency on cognitive function degradation related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and less attention to the influence factors of normal illiteracy, non-illiteracy and the fluent ability of old people. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the influence of the language fluency function of healthy elderly in Chinese culture under the background of education, age and so on from the perspective of illiteracy, non-illiteracy and try to determine the effect of education, age and gender on speech by regression analysis. The degree of influence of semantic fluency. This is not only the preliminary discussion of the influence factors of the language competence of the old people in the Chinese culture background, but also the influence of education on the cognitive function in another way, thus widening the effective path to explore the relationship between education and cognitive function. Meanwhile, The influence of age on basic cognitive function is deepened, and it is of guiding significance to the theory of cognitive function aging. According to the method of questionnaire and verbal fluency test, the author selects the elderly people in urban and rural areas of Shandong Province as being tested, and finally determines 40 healthy elderly people to participate in experimental research through screening, and prints the experimental materials, which is tested by standardized training. The location is the home to be tried, and the on-site recording is conducted with the consent of the auditee to prevent leakage or mishear the reported report. Through the analysis of variance, educational background and age on the demographic variables of illiteracy and non-illiteracy, the analysis of the interaction between different factors and tasks, the interaction analysis of different influencing factors and tasks, and the regression analysis of the influencing factors of different tasks in the elderly were found, and the results showed that: 1. in that case of illiteracy, non-illiteracy healthy elderly people were tested, the score of semantic fluency was significantly higher than that of the voice fluency score. 2. There were significant differences in the two tasks of voice fluency test and semantic fluency test in different educational backgrounds. The scores of the two tasks increased with the improvement of the level of education. 3. There was no significant difference in the number of tested subjects in each age group, and the differences in the phonetic fluency scores of each group were not significant. In the semantic fluency test, the scores of the tests were gradually decreased with the increase of age. The score of the high age group is the lowest. 4, the explanatory regression analysis, the age, the educational background variable and the multivariate linear relation of the variable semantic fluency are obvious for the voice and the semantic fluency, and only the linear relation between the educational background and the dependent variable is significant in the voice fluency multiple regression analysis. The interaction edge between educational background and different semantic classification standards is remarkable, and the influence of educational background mainly on 鈥淐OMMODITY鈥，

本文編號：2282549