發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-23 18:43

  本文選題：時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱 + 量值理論��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：時(shí)間和空間存在緊密聯(lián)系。在心理學(xué)研究中,研究者主要關(guān)注時(shí)間加工和空間加工的相互影響�？臻g距離有空距離和實(shí)距離之分,空距離即相繼呈現(xiàn)的離散刺激之間的距離,如點(diǎn)與點(diǎn)之間的距離;實(shí)距離即連續(xù)刺激形成的距離,如線段的長(zhǎng)度。與此相對(duì)應(yīng),時(shí)間也有空時(shí)距和實(shí)時(shí)距兩種形式,空時(shí)距與空距離相對(duì)應(yīng),即只有起止刺激,以間隔的方式呈現(xiàn)的時(shí)間;實(shí)時(shí)距與實(shí)距離相對(duì)應(yīng),即實(shí)距離從出現(xiàn)到消失之間持續(xù)的時(shí)間。對(duì)于空時(shí)距-空距離的研究表明,時(shí)間加工和空間加工之間存在相互干擾,典型的例子是kappa效應(yīng)和Tau效應(yīng);在實(shí)時(shí)距-實(shí)距離的研究中,空間影響時(shí)間加工,時(shí)間卻不影響空間加工,二者之間存在著不對(duì)稱的干擾�，F(xiàn)有研究對(duì)于這種不對(duì)稱干擾現(xiàn)象的解釋主要有兩種理論取向:量值理論和隱喻理論。量值理論認(rèn)為時(shí)間和空間同屬一個(gè)廣義量值系統(tǒng),二者只是表征這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的維度,而時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象的原因可能是實(shí)驗(yàn)的任務(wù)等無關(guān)因素,并不能真實(shí)反映二者之間的關(guān)系;與此相反,隱喻理論則認(rèn)為時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象則是由于日常生活中感知運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和語(yǔ)言的使用造成的,個(gè)體更多地使用空間詞去描述時(shí)間詞,語(yǔ)言中時(shí)間和空間的不對(duì)稱擴(kuò)展到了基本感知覺領(lǐng)域,使得個(gè)體對(duì)于空間距離的加工影響了其加工時(shí)間,而時(shí)間加工卻不影響個(gè)體的加工空間距離。先前有關(guān)時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象的研究多采用復(fù)制法,以秒以上的刺激呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。由于復(fù)制法要求被試在行為上主動(dòng)參與,當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)復(fù)制法容易受到記憶等因素的影響,因此在有些條件下其準(zhǔn)確性低于簡(jiǎn)單的時(shí)距辨別任務(wù)。認(rèn)知分段綜合模型認(rèn)為,時(shí)間認(rèn)知具有分段性,不同的時(shí)間范圍對(duì)應(yīng)不同特點(diǎn)的計(jì)時(shí)機(jī)制。因此有必要擴(kuò)大時(shí)間范圍,以秒以下的時(shí)距作為刺激呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間,并以比較法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),考察時(shí)距信息是否影響空間加工。其次,隱喻理論雖然能夠解釋時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象,個(gè)體在復(fù)制時(shí)距時(shí)會(huì)受到無關(guān)的空間量值信息的干擾,但是空間量值信息是以怎樣的形式影響個(gè)體最終確定的時(shí)間量值呢?量值信息的貝葉斯整合的觀點(diǎn)啟發(fā)我們可以利用貝葉斯估計(jì)對(duì)時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行更深入的解釋。我們用兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)探討上述的兩個(gè)問題。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用比較法和秒以下的刺激呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間考察時(shí)距信息對(duì)空間距離加工的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),比較時(shí)距的長(zhǎng)短不能顯著影響被試對(duì)于線段長(zhǎng)度的知覺。這與先前研究的結(jié)果一致,即時(shí)距長(zhǎng)短不會(huì)影響個(gè)體的空間距離知覺。實(shí)驗(yàn)二依然采用比較法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),我們擴(kuò)大了線段長(zhǎng)度的范圍至九種,基于隱喻理論構(gòu)造了貝葉斯模型;并對(duì)理想觀察者模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),將個(gè)體的時(shí)距判斷任務(wù)分為三個(gè)階段:信號(hào)輸入階段,貝葉斯整合階段,決策階段。信號(hào)輸入階段中,物理刺激量值轉(zhuǎn)換為心理量值時(shí)有兩種可能的表征形式:線性表征和對(duì)數(shù)表征。因此我們構(gòu)造了線性表征模型和對(duì)數(shù)表征模型,通過模型擬合來考察哪種模型能夠更好地解釋空間對(duì)時(shí)間加工的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)二的結(jié)果分為兩部分:首先采用和實(shí)驗(yàn)一同樣的回歸分析方法考察線段長(zhǎng)度對(duì)時(shí)距知覺的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)線段長(zhǎng)度顯著影響個(gè)體的時(shí)距知覺,符合隱喻理論的假設(shè),此結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)一的結(jié)果一起再次證實(shí)了時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象的存在;其次,數(shù)據(jù)擬合發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)數(shù)表征模型能夠更好地?cái)M合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。通過兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),我們得出以下結(jié)論:時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象確實(shí)存在,且不受實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和刺激呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間的影響;以量值信息的貝葉斯整合對(duì)時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋,對(duì)數(shù)表征模型更符合個(gè)體的行為表現(xiàn);結(jié)合模式控制模型并對(duì)理想觀察者模型進(jìn)行改進(jìn),能夠?qū)�時(shí)空干擾不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行更為深入的解釋。
[Abstract]:In psychological research, the researchers focus on the interaction between time processing and space processing. Space distance has an empty distance and a real distance, and the distance is the distance between discrete stimuli, such as the distance between points and points; the real distance is the distance formed by a continuous stimulus, such as a line segment. Length. Corresponding to this, time also has two forms of space time distance and real time distance. The space time distance corresponds to the empty distance, that is, only starting and stopping stimulation, the time that is presented in a spaced way; the real-time distance corresponds to the real distance, that is the real distance from the appearance to the disappearance. There is mutual interference between inter processing, the typical examples are the kappa effect and the Tau effect. In the study of real distance real distance, space affects time processing and time does not affect space processing. There are asymmetric interference between the two. There are two kinds of theoretical orientations for the interpretation of this asymmetric interference phenomenon: quantity theory The theory of metaphorical theory. The theory of value value holds that time and space belong to a generalized value system. The two is only the dimension of the system, and the reason for the asymmetry of time and space interference may be unrelated factors such as the task of the experiment, and can not truly reflect the relationship between the two, and the metaphor theory, on the contrary, thinks that the interference of space and time is not correct. The phenomenon is caused by the perception of sports experience and the use of language in daily life. Individuals use more space words to describe time words. The asymmetry of time and space in language extends to the field of perception, which makes the processing time affected by the processing of space distance, while time processing does not affect the individual. Processing space distance. Previous studies on spatiotemporal disturbance asymmetry mainly use replication method, with more than second stimulus time to experiment. Because the replication method requires the participants to participate actively in behavior, the replication method is easily affected by memory and other factors when the time is longer, so the accuracy is lower in some conditions. A simple time distance discrimination task. The cognitive segmentation comprehensive model holds that time cognition is piecewise and different time ranges correspond to the timing mechanism of different characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the time range, take the time distance below second as the stimulus time, and to verify whether the time distance information affects the space processing. Although metaphorical theory can explain the asymmetry of spatiotemporal interference, the individual is disturbed by the unrelated spatial value information at the time of replication, but in what form does the spatial value information affect the individual's final time value? The view of Bayesian integration of the amount of information can be inspired by Bayesian estimation. We use two experiments to discuss the two problems mentioned above. In experiment one, the effect of time distance information on spatial distance processing is investigated by comparing the time interval of the comparison method and below the second. The results show that the length of the distance can not significantly affect the perception of the length of the line. The results of previous studies agree that the length of the distance does not affect the spatial distance perception of the individual. Experiment two still uses the comparison method to carry out the experiment. We expand the range of the length of the line segment to nine kinds, construct the Bayesian model based on the metaphor theory, and improve the ideal observer model, and divide the individual time distance judgment into three. In the phase of the signal input phase, the Bayes integration stage, the decision stage. In the signal input phase, there are two possible forms of characterization: the linear representation and the logarithm representation. Therefore, we construct the linear representation model and the logarithm representation model, and investigate which model can be better by the model fitting. The effect of space on time processing is explained. The results of experiment two are divided into two parts: first, the effect of line length on temporal distance perception is investigated by the same regression analysis method with experiment one. The result shows that the length of line segment significantly affects the temporal perception of the individual, which conforms to the hypothesis of metaphorical theory, and this result is again confirmed with the result of experiment one. Secondly, the data fitting shows that the logarithmic representation model can better fit the experimental data. Through the two experiments, we draw the following conclusion: the spatio-temporal interference asymmetry does exist, and is not influenced by the experimental method and the time of the stimulus presentation; the Bayesian integration of the amount of information on time and space The interference asymmetry is explained, and the logarithmic representation model is more consistent with the individual behavior performance, and the model control model combined with the ideal observer model can explain the spatiotemporal disturbance asymmetry more deeply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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