【摘要】：現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品研發(fā)設計中廣泛采用自頂向下、由粗到精、由整體到局部的設計方式,但由于結(jié)構(gòu)非常簡單的零件也需要花費相當長的時間進行功能、結(jié)構(gòu)、工藝等方面的重新設計,如果能將現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品或技術(shù)通過適當?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)修改等來滿足新功能要求,則在保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的同時,可以有效降低成本,強化零部件之間、裝配體之間、甚至產(chǎn)品之間的繼承關(guān)系。因此,設計重用對于企業(yè)來講具備重大戰(zhàn)略意義。三維模型因其包含多層次的信息集合、豐富的視覺細節(jié)而得到越加廣泛的應用:基于三維數(shù)字化模型的產(chǎn)品全生命周期管理是現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設計制造的重要發(fā)展趨勢;同時,企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)過程中積累了大量的、豐富的三維模型,研究如何從產(chǎn)品海量CAD模型中快速、有效地查找出所需模型,充分挖掘和發(fā)現(xiàn)其蘊含的信息和知識并對其加以重用,是加快產(chǎn)品開發(fā)進程、縮短產(chǎn)品制造響應周期、提高產(chǎn)品研制質(zhì)量的重要途徑之一。農(nóng)業(yè)機械由于交互對象的復雜性等研制過程同一般機械產(chǎn)品相比困難較多,將較為前沿的設計方法逐步應用到農(nóng)業(yè)機械中對于提高我國整體農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平具有無可替代的重要意義;以文本關(guān)鍵字為基礎的文本匹配方式由于其自身固有的描述性缺陷在模型海量增長情況下已不能適應新時代下對三維模型的重用要求�；诖�,基于內(nèi)容的三維模型自動檢索技術(shù)在農(nóng)機設計重用中具備越加重要的研究價值。本文在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外三維模型檢索的研究思路、層次、技術(shù)之后,重點進行了以下三方面研究:(1)一種基于距離面積幾何特征的單個模型整體相似性評價方法。基于統(tǒng)計特征的三維模型整體搜索方法因其原理易于理解,算法效果良好得到了廣泛的研究。本文算法通過對經(jīng)典形狀分布算法進行補充性改進,優(yōu)化隨機取點方式后減少采樣點數(shù)量并增加模型面與面之間的面積比值特征,在提高復雜模型分辨率的同時能較大地提升算法時間性能;最后利用離線特征提取技術(shù)與在線模型匹配技術(shù),進行三維CAD模型整體相似性評價。(2)一種基于模擬退火算法的模型局部結(jié)構(gòu)挖掘方法。考慮到大多通用評價方法不適用于模型典型局部結(jié)構(gòu),本文對模擬退火方法在模型局部結(jié)構(gòu)中的挖掘能力進行驗證。算法對模型幾何拓撲屬性進行總結(jié)研究之后,以屬性鄰接圖為基礎,構(gòu)建相應鄰接矩陣,改變搜尋思路,將在大圖中尋找小圖的問題轉(zhuǎn)化為使用模擬退火算法對模型關(guān)聯(lián)屬性圖的最大團進行挖掘,最終以蟻群以及遺傳算法作為對比,試驗證明算法可以作為初步的啟發(fā)式局部結(jié)構(gòu)挖掘方法。(3)針對以上兩種算法,以C++作為算法開發(fā)語言,以Visual Studio.NET2008為集成開發(fā)環(huán)境,Open Cascade為幾何造型平臺,以部分農(nóng)機專業(yè)模型與通用模型為試驗對象,開發(fā)了基于Windows程序風格的三維數(shù)字化模型檢索系統(tǒng),便于進行設計重用。
[Abstract]:In modern product development and design, the top-down, coarse to fine and integral to local design methods are widely used. However, because the parts with very simple structure also take quite a long time to redesign in the aspects of function, structure, process, etc. If the existing product or technology can meet the new functional requirements through appropriate structural modification, it can effectively reduce the cost and strengthen the inheritance relationship between parts, assemblies and even products while ensuring the product quality. Therefore, design reuse is of great strategic significance to enterprises. 3D model is more and more widely used because of its multi-level information set and rich visual details. The product lifecycle management based on 3D digital model is an important development trend of modern product design and manufacture. At the same time, the enterprise has accumulated a large number of rich three-dimensional models in the process of production. This paper studies how to quickly and effectively find the required model from the massive product CAD model, fully mining and discovering the information and knowledge contained in it and reusing it. It is one of the important ways to speed up the process of product development, shorten the response period of product manufacture and improve the quality of product development. Because of the complexity of interactive objects, the development process of agricultural machinery is more difficult than that of general mechanical products. The application of more advanced design methods to agricultural machinery is of irreplaceable significance for improving the overall level of agricultural mechanization in China. Because of its inherent descriptive defects, the text matching method based on text keywords can not meet the requirements of reusing 3D models in the new era under the condition of massive growth of models. Based on this, the automatic retrieval technology of 3D model based on content has more and more important research value in the reuse of agricultural machinery design. After summarizing the research ideas, levels and techniques of 3D model retrieval at home and abroad, this paper focuses on the following three aspects: (1) A method for evaluating the global similarity of a single model based on geometric features of distance area. The global search method of 3D model based on statistical features is easy to understand and the algorithm has been widely studied. In this paper, the classical shape distribution algorithm is improved to reduce the number of sampling points and increase the area ratio between the model surface and the surface. The time performance of the algorithm can be greatly improved while improving the resolution of the complex model. Finally, the global similarity of 3D CAD model is evaluated by off-line feature extraction and on-line model matching. (2) A method of local structure mining based on simulated annealing algorithm is proposed. Considering that most general evaluation methods are not suitable for typical local structures of models, this paper verifies the mining ability of simulated annealing methods in local structures of models. After summarizing and studying the geometric and topological attributes of the model, the algorithm constructs the corresponding adjacency matrix based on the adjacent graph of the attributes, and changes the search thinking. The problem of finding a small graph in a large graph is transformed into mining the largest cluster of associated attributes in the model using simulated annealing algorithm, and finally taking ant colony and genetic algorithm as the comparison. Experiments show that the algorithm can be used as a preliminary heuristic local structure mining method. (3) for the above two algorithms, C is taken as the algorithm development language and Visual Studio.NET2008 as the integrated development environment, Open Cascade as the geometric modeling platform. A 3D digitized model retrieval system based on Windows program style is developed with part of agricultural machinery professional model and general model as experimental object, which is convenient for design reuse.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S220;TP391.7

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