發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-17 01:11

  本文選題：服務(wù)業(yè) + 城市規(guī)模��； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市規(guī)模和城市職能是城市體系研究的兩大方面。城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張、國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展使得中國的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)超越第二產(chǎn)業(yè)而崛起,各領(lǐng)域?qū)W者興起了對中國服務(wù)業(yè)的研究。論文基于中國2010年人口普查分縣資料,立足于城市體系研究,將287個(gè)城市分為五個(gè)等級,15個(gè)服務(wù)業(yè)門類合并為十類,對中國的城市規(guī)模與服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)比重的關(guān)聯(lián)、城市服務(wù)業(yè)職能專業(yè)化特征作了深入分析。論文也從各類服務(wù)業(yè)功能性質(zhì)方面來解釋了這種關(guān)聯(lián)的成因。研究有以下結(jié)論： 第一,服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)比重基本隨城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張而提高,但各等級城市組都存在一些特殊城市。就服務(wù)業(yè)功能性質(zhì)而言,生活性服務(wù)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)附加值低,直接面向居民,多為簡單重復(fù)的勞動(dòng),對城市經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的促進(jìn)作用非常小。因此五類生活性服務(wù)業(yè)在每個(gè)城市中都具有較高的就業(yè)比重,同時(shí)在各等級城市中的就業(yè)比重差異很小。生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)附加值高,不直接面向居民,多為高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè),要求勞動(dòng)力具有高水平專業(yè)素質(zhì),對城市經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的促進(jìn)作用非常大。因此五類生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)在城市中的就業(yè)比重較低,但是在各等級城市中的差異很大 第二,各類服務(wù)業(yè)的就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)在各類城市中的表現(xiàn)有所不同�？茖W(xué)、信息、文化三類服務(wù)業(yè)的最優(yōu)回歸模型均為二次項(xiàng)曲線,批發(fā)和零售業(yè)、金融業(yè)兩類服務(wù)業(yè)的最優(yōu)回歸模型均為S形曲線,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)為對數(shù)曲線,租賃和商務(wù)服務(wù)業(yè)為冪曲線。某些低等級城市由于其地理位置、資源稟賦等條件,容易專業(yè)化于某一特定產(chǎn)業(yè),囚此會(huì)在某一產(chǎn)業(yè)中具有較高的就業(yè)比重。城市等級越高,中心職能越強(qiáng),各項(xiàng)服務(wù)業(yè)的發(fā)展都較為均衡,因此難以有就業(yè)比重特別突出的服務(wù)業(yè)。 第三,各等級城市服務(wù)業(yè)的平均專業(yè)化水平基本隨著城市等級的提高而提高。某些低等級城市由于某類產(chǎn)業(yè)特別發(fā)達(dá),因此具有高的專業(yè)化水平。高等級城市組中缺少專業(yè)化水平特別突出的城市。就各服務(wù)業(yè)門類而言,五類生活性服務(wù)業(yè)的專門化率水平穩(wěn)定,在各等級城市中差異小。五類生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)在低等級城市中平均專門化率低,而在高等級城市中平均專門化率高,體現(xiàn)了服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級。隨著城市等級提高,服務(wù)業(yè)的專業(yè)化結(jié)構(gòu)有趨同化傾向。 第四,以租賃和商務(wù)服務(wù)業(yè)、社會(huì)服務(wù)業(yè)、金融業(yè)、住宿和餐飲業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸、倉儲(chǔ)和郵政業(yè)五類服務(wù)業(yè)為專業(yè)化部門的城市,主要是中小城市。以批發(fā)和零售業(yè)為專業(yè)化部門的城市,多為輕工業(yè)制造業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的城市。以房產(chǎn)、科學(xué)、文化、信息為專業(yè)化部門的城市,平均人口數(shù)量較大,城市等級都比較高。
[Abstract]:City scale and city function are two aspects of urban system research.With the expansion of the city scale and the sustained development of the national economy, the tertiary industry of China has surmounted the secondary industry, and scholars in various fields have raised the research on the Chinese service industry.Based on the data of the 2010 population Census of China, and based on the study of urban system, 287 cities are divided into five grades and 15 service categories are merged into ten categories, which is related to the scale of cities and the proportion of employment in the service industry in China.The characteristics of functional specialization of urban service industry are analyzed in depth.The paper also explains the causes of this connection from the functional nature of various service industries.The findings of the study are as follows:First, the proportion of employment in service industry increases with the expansion of urban scale, but there are some special cities in all urban groups.As far as the functional nature of service industry is concerned, the value added of living service industry is low, it is directly facing residents, and most of them are simple and repetitive labor, which has very little effect on promoting urban economic growth.Therefore, the five kinds of living services have a higher proportion of employment in each city, and there is little difference in the proportion of employment among different levels of cities.The producer service industry has high added value, not directly facing the residents, and most of them are high-tech industries, which require the labor force to have a high level of professional quality and play a very important role in promoting the urban economic growth.As a result, the proportion of the five types of producer services in urban employment is relatively low, but there are significant differences among different levels of cities.Second, the employment structure of various service industries is different in different cities.The optimal regression models of science, information and culture are all quadratic curves, the optimal regression models of wholesale, retail and financial services are all S-shaped curves, and the real estate industry is logarithmic curves.Leasing and business services are power curves.Because of its geographical location and resource endowment, some low-grade cities are easy to specialize in a particular industry, which will have a higher proportion of employment in a certain industry.The higher the city grade, the stronger the central function, and the more balanced the development of each service industry, so it is difficult to have the service industry with outstanding employment ratio.Thirdly, the average specialization level of urban service industry in different levels is improved with the improvement of city level.Some low-grade cities have a high level of specialization because of the development of certain industries.There is a lack of specialized cities in high-level urban groups.For each service category, the specialization rate of the five kinds of living services is stable, and the difference is small in different cities.The average specialization rate of the five types of producer services is low in the low-grade cities and high in the high-grade cities, which reflects the upgrading of the service industry structure.With the improvement of the city grade, the specialized structure of service industry tends to converge.Fourth, cities with specialized services, including leasing and business services, social services, finance, accommodation and catering, transportation, warehousing and postal services, are mainly small and medium-sized cities.Wholesale and retail trade as a specialized sector of the city, mostly light industry manufacturing developed cities.Cities with real estate, science, culture and information as specialized sectors have a larger average population and higher levels of cities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F719;F249.2;F299.2

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本文編號(hào)：1761390