發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-22 18:37

  本文選題：地票 + 城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地　； 參考：《重慶工商大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)城市化水平未能匹配工業(yè)化進(jìn)度，導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)“二元結(jié)構(gòu)”矛盾激化，改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距呈現(xiàn)逐步擴(kuò)大的態(tài)勢(shì)，對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的抑制作用逐漸凸顯，要改變城鄉(xiāng)收入差距擴(kuò)大的現(xiàn)狀，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展是出路，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)要從城市化著手，城市化的關(guān)鍵是農(nóng)村土地制度改革。作為統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)綜合改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)，重慶獲得通過(guò)地票探索農(nóng)村土地制度改革的“先行先試”權(quán)，2008年12月4日重慶市農(nóng)村土地交易所掛牌成立，自此，地票在全市范圍內(nèi)展開(kāi)。在梳理相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)及理論的基礎(chǔ)之上著重探討地票對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響，為了更好的理解地票如何影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距，首先對(duì)重慶地票及城鄉(xiāng)收入差距現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理，認(rèn)為地票影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的主要機(jī)制有6種，其中農(nóng)村土地資產(chǎn)化效應(yīng)與級(jí)差地租分配效應(yīng)是直接影響機(jī)制，，增長(zhǎng)極的聚集效應(yīng)、增長(zhǎng)極的擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)、勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移效應(yīng)、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)效應(yīng)是通過(guò)加速城市化進(jìn)程的間接影響機(jī)制。接著從理論上分析認(rèn)為地票對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距產(chǎn)生的影響表現(xiàn)為：促進(jìn)農(nóng)村居民增收、級(jí)差地租再分配、加速城市化進(jìn)程等方面，結(jié)合分析結(jié)果把地票對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響分為三個(gè)階段：地票擴(kuò)大城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的階段、地票縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的階段、地票不影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的階段。隨后在分析理論影響的基礎(chǔ)之上結(jié)合案例，對(duì)重慶地票影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的實(shí)際效果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，重慶實(shí)踐表明地票為農(nóng)村非農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供資金、促進(jìn)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，有利于縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距，但為了抑制地票對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格上漲的推波助瀾，政府干預(yù)地票交易價(jià)格，以非市場(chǎng)方式發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村建設(shè)用地價(jià)格，有損農(nóng)民的利益，同時(shí)，重慶地票服務(wù)于重慶戶籍制度改革，一方面，緩解“空巢老人”、“留守兒童”等社會(huì)矛盾的激化，另一方面，為提高農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率奠定基礎(chǔ)，從根源上促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距縮小。最后，得出結(jié)論及建議，雖然短期內(nèi)地票對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響作用不顯著甚至擴(kuò)大差距，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度分析，地票能縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距，認(rèn)為地票要達(dá)到縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的預(yù)期效果，其未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向是進(jìn)行土地發(fā)展權(quán)改造、逐步探索地票二級(jí)市場(chǎng)及全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)跨區(qū)域配置。
[Abstract]:The urbanization level of our country fails to match the progress of industrialization, which leads to the intensification of the contradiction between urban and rural "dual structure". Since the reform and opening up, the urban-rural income gap has gradually expanded, and the restraining effect on the national economic growth has gradually become prominent. In order to change the current situation of widening income gap between urban and rural areas, the way out is to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, and the key to urbanization is the reform of rural land system. As an overall urban-rural comprehensive reform experimental area, Chongqing obtained the "first trial" right to explore the reform of rural land system through land ticket. The Chongqing Rural Land Exchange was established on December 4, 2008. Since then, the land ticket has been carried out in the whole city. On the basis of combing relevant literature and theory, this paper focuses on the impact of land ticket on the urban-rural income gap. In order to better understand how land ticket affects the urban-rural income gap, the paper firstly combs the current situation of land ticket and urban-rural income gap in Chongqing. It is concluded that there are six main mechanisms for land ticket to affect the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the effects of rural land capitalization and differential land rent distribution are the direct influence mechanism, the aggregation effect of the growth pole, the diffusion effect of the growth pole and the transfer effect of labor force. The management effect of agricultural industrialization is the indirect influence mechanism through accelerating the urbanization process. Secondly, the author thinks that the influence of land ticket on urban-rural income gap is as follows: to promote rural residents' income increase, differential land rent redistribution, accelerate the process of urbanization, and so on. Combined with the analysis results, the influence of land ticket on urban-rural income gap is divided into three stages: the stage of land ticket expanding urban-rural income gap, the stage of land ticket narrowing urban-rural income gap, and the stage of land ticket not affecting the urban-rural income gap. Then based on the analysis of the theoretical impact of the case, the paper evaluates the actual effect of Chongqing land ticket on the urban-rural income gap. Chongqing practice shows that the land ticket provides funds for the development of rural non-agricultural economy and promotes the construction of new countryside. In order to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, but in order to curb the impact of land tickets on the real estate market prices, the government intervened in the price of land tickets to find the prices of rural construction land in a non-market manner, which is detrimental to the interests of farmers, and at the same time, On the one hand, Chongqing land ticket serves the reform of the household registration system in Chongqing. On the one hand, it alleviates the intensification of social contradictions such as "empty nest elderly" and "left-behind children". On the other hand, it lays the foundation for improving agricultural labor productivity. At the root, the income gap between urban and rural areas will be narrowed. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are drawn. Although the impact of short-term mainland tickets on the income gap between urban and rural areas is not significant or even widening, from a long-term point of view, land tickets can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. It is considered that the land ticket should achieve the expected effect of narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, and its future development direction is to reform the land development right, and gradually explore the secondary market of the land ticket and the cross-regional allocation of the land ticket in the whole country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F301.3

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