發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-18 07:13

  本文選題：液壓 + 挖掘機(jī)��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國家大力開展基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)活動(dòng),國家產(chǎn)業(yè)對道路建設(shè)及房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)機(jī)械設(shè)備需求量增大。據(jù)2013年4月份的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,小型液壓挖掘機(jī)作為重要的土方挖掘設(shè)備,工程機(jī)械行業(yè)29家主要挖掘機(jī)制造商4月共銷售挖掘機(jī)16257臺(tái),同比增長5.77%。小型液壓挖掘機(jī)應(yīng)用廣泛,但其工作環(huán)境多變、負(fù)載情況不可預(yù)測,本文經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)和仿真數(shù)據(jù)分析,研究得到液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的工作性能和能耗分布。因此本文著手建立精確的液壓挖掘機(jī)的虛擬樣機(jī)模型,為液壓挖掘機(jī)工作特性分析、能耗分析及能量分配優(yōu)化提供參考。 液壓元件廠商根據(jù)元件特性及原有液壓系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)定制了較多種類的液壓系統(tǒng),如常規(guī)節(jié)流控制系統(tǒng)、負(fù)載敏感控制系統(tǒng)(簡稱LS控制系統(tǒng))、抗流量飽和流量分配液壓系統(tǒng)(簡稱LUDV系統(tǒng))以及雙閥芯控制系統(tǒng)(簡稱Ultronics系統(tǒng))等。本文主要研究抗飽和流量分配液壓系統(tǒng),在該系統(tǒng)中,關(guān)鍵元器件為負(fù)載敏感變量泵、負(fù)載補(bǔ)償多路閥、控制手柄及附件等。本文使用核心分析方法及模塊化建模方法,抓住關(guān)鍵部件對其進(jìn)行精密建模進(jìn)而完成整機(jī)的虛擬樣機(jī)模型,對建立的虛擬樣機(jī)模型進(jìn)行分析研究。 為了建立完整的虛擬樣機(jī)模型,本文將液壓挖掘機(jī)分為機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)及液壓系統(tǒng)兩個(gè)大模塊并進(jìn)行分別建模,然后將兩個(gè)模塊聯(lián)合分析。本文選用多體動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件SimulationX進(jìn)行虛擬樣機(jī)模型的建立。SimulationX軟件從2006年進(jìn)入中國,該軟件支持多體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的建立,使用同一款軟件建立的模型可以有效的避免因通信時(shí)間帶來的不同步問題,并且SimulationX軟件的液壓系統(tǒng)和多體動(dòng)力學(xué)的耦合也經(jīng)過了多方的驗(yàn)證,其結(jié)果具有較強(qiáng)的可信性。 針對液壓挖掘機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部件,使用儀器對其關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行精密測量并在三維建模軟件Pro/E中建立整機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)模型和運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,然后將模型轉(zhuǎn)換為SimulationX支持的文件格式,建立挖掘機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的SimulationX模型,并對其進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析,驗(yàn)證機(jī)械模型的正確性。 以液壓系統(tǒng)中的負(fù)載補(bǔ)償多路閥的建模為例,介紹了其基本結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理。針對多路閥主閥芯結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、節(jié)流槽形狀各異的特點(diǎn),使用精密儀器對多路閥閥體及閥芯進(jìn)行精密測繪,并結(jié)合前人經(jīng)驗(yàn)以推導(dǎo)閥芯各種型式節(jié)流槽的通流面積。在SimulationX軟件中根據(jù)液壓元件的建模原理搭建元件模型。 本文以SimulationX、Pro/E仿真軟件為工具,通過數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo)建立起關(guān)鍵元件的模型,進(jìn)而搭建起整機(jī)的多體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,模型可以分析整機(jī)各種復(fù)雜工況下的動(dòng)態(tài)特性、功率消耗以及各元件功率消耗的百分比。該模型對LUDV系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了深入的闡釋及精確的分析,模型可以為整機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、能量分析及可回收功率提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:According to the data of April 2013 , the small hydraulic excavator is an important earth excavation equipment . According to the data in April 2013 , the small hydraulic excavator is used as an important earth excavation equipment , and the operation performance and energy consumption distribution of the hydraulic system of the hydraulic excavator are obtained by the experiment and simulation data analysis .

The hydraulic system , such as conventional throttle control system , load - sensitive control system ( LS control system ) , anti - flow saturated flow distribution hydraulic system ( LUDV system ) and double valve core control system ( Ultrician system ) , are customized according to the characteristics of components and the advantages and disadvantages of the original hydraulic system . In this system , the key components are load sensitive variable pump , load compensation multi - way valve , control handle and accessories .

In order to establish a complete virtual prototype model , the hydraulic excavator is divided into two big modules of mechanical structure and hydraulic system and modeled separately , then the two modules are jointly analyzed . This paper chooses the multi - body dynamics simulation software to establish the virtual prototype model . The software supports the establishment of the multi - body dynamics model . The software established by the same software can effectively avoid the asynchronous problem caused by the communication time , and the coupling of the hydraulic system and the multi - body dynamics of the simulation X software has been verified by many parties , and the result has strong credibility .

Aiming at the mechanical structural parts of the hydraulic excavator , the key structure of the hydraulic excavator is precisely measured and the mechanical structure model and the kinematic model of the whole machine are set up in the three - dimensional modeling software Pro / E , then the model is converted into the file format supported by the simulation X , and the simulation model of the mechanical structure of the excavator is built , and the statics analysis is carried out to verify the correctness of the mechanical model .

Based on the modeling of load - compensated multi - way valve in hydraulic system , this paper introduces its basic structure and working principle . According to the characteristics of complex structure and different shapes of the main valve core of multi - way valve , the precision instrument is used to accurately map the valve body and valve core of the multi - way valve , and the flow area of various types of throttle grooves of the valve core is deduced by using precision instrument . The element model is set up according to the modeling principle of the hydraulic element in the software .

In this paper , the model of the key element is established through mathematical derivation , and the model can be used to analyze the dynamic characteristics , power consumption and the percentage of the power consumption of each element . The model can provide the basis for the design , energy analysis and the recoverable power of the hydraulic system of the whole machine .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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