【摘要】：老齡化是21世紀全世界共同面臨的人口方面的嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)，所以它引發(fā)了整個國家的嚴重的經(jīng)濟與社會的問題。最直接的受它影響的養(yǎng)老保險也越來越受到政府、學者及百姓們的關注。養(yǎng)老保險是一項由政府主導的，并由國家強制性保障實施的，用以維持勞動者退休后的基本生活的一項經(jīng)濟性福利政策。養(yǎng)老保險關系到所有勞動者的切身利益。十七屆五中全會提出“健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系，國民收入再分配將更加注重公平”。十八屆三中全會通過的《若干重大問題的決定》里面的關于民生方面的社會保障的“建立更加公平可持續(xù)的社會保障制度”。這說明國家政府已經(jīng)開始重新重視養(yǎng)老保險的公平問題，并已經(jīng)開始了提升公平性的積極的改革探索。 所以筆者試圖從公平這一視角出發(fā)，分析這一階段城鎮(zhèn)職工的養(yǎng)老保險。對目前職工養(yǎng)老保險的公平狀況加以認識，并且能夠為今后我國養(yǎng)老保險的改革提供借鑒和參考的目的。本文采用文獻研究法、比較分析法對我國城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險中的公平性進行了分析。首先對養(yǎng)老保險要求公平性的基礎理論進行了論述。在此基礎上，分析了養(yǎng)老保險中公平性的內涵。然后，對我國城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險中的不公平現(xiàn)狀展開了詳細的分析，包括不同責任主體之間的不公平性、不同地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)間的不公平性、不同性質單位之間的不公平性以及不同行業(yè)之間的不公平性。接著，對阻礙我國城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險公平性的原因進行了細致的論述，，包括制度覆蓋不完整，制度碎片化的存在，地區(qū)間經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡，相關利益主體政治地位不平等和其他配套性措施的原因。最后針對現(xiàn)狀及原因，提出了提升我國城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老保險公平性的思路和對策。要強化社會保障的公平、共享的制度理念；建立統(tǒng)一責任與統(tǒng)一權利的繳費制度；平衡政府與企業(yè)的養(yǎng)老負擔；提高養(yǎng)老保險基金統(tǒng)籌層次，建立共享基礎平臺；加速城鎮(zhèn)職工養(yǎng)老金并軌，實現(xiàn)真正統(tǒng)一的社會保險；增加壟斷行業(yè)保險費用征繳額，加大社會保險的再分配功能。最終構建起一個以繳費型的基本養(yǎng)老保險為核心的養(yǎng)老保險體系。
[Abstract]:Aging is a serious challenge facing the whole world in the 21st century, so it leads to the serious economic and social problems of the whole country. Pension insurance, which is most directly affected by it, has been paid more and more attention by the government, scholars and people. The old-age insurance is a kind of economic welfare policy, which is guided by the government and enforced by the state, which is used to maintain the basic life of the laborer after retirement. Endowment insurance concerns the vital interests of all workers. The Fifth Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee proposed that "improving the social security system covering urban and rural residents, national income redistribution will pay more attention to equity." The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the decision on "establishing a more equitable and sustainable social security system" concerning social security for the people's livelihood. This shows that the government has begun to pay more attention to the fairness of pension insurance, and has begun to improve the fairness of the positive reform exploration. Therefore, the author tries to analyze the endowment insurance of urban workers in this stage from the perspective of fairness. This paper makes an understanding of the fair situation of the pension insurance for workers and staff at present, and can provide reference and reference for the future reform of the pension insurance in our country. This paper analyzes the equity of urban pension insurance in China by the method of literature research and comparative analysis. First of all, the basic theory of equity of pension insurance requirements is discussed. On this basis, the connotation of fairness in endowment insurance is analyzed. Then, it analyzes the unfair situation of the urban workers' endowment insurance in China, including the unfairness between different responsible subjects, the unfairness between different regions and cities. The unfairness between units of different nature and the unfairness between different industries. Then, the author makes a detailed discussion on the reasons that hinder the fairness of the old-age insurance for urban workers in China, including the incomplete coverage of the system, the existence of fragmentation of the system, and the imbalance of regional economic development. The reasons for the inequality of political status and other supporting measures of relevant stakeholders. Finally, aiming at the present situation and the reasons, the author puts forward some ideas and countermeasures to improve the equity of urban workers' endowment insurance. It is necessary to strengthen the fairness of social security and share the system concept, establish a unified responsibility and unified rights of the payment system, balance the burden of the government and enterprises, improve the overall planning level of pension insurance funds, establish a shared basic platform; It is necessary to speed up the integration of urban workers' pensions, realize a truly unified social insurance system, increase the amount of insurance fees collected in monopoly industries, and increase the redistribution function of social insurance. Finally, build up a contributory basic endowment insurance system as the core.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.67

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