發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 18:43

  本文選題：青島市 + 小學(xué)生�。� 參考：《山東體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國北方冬季的空氣質(zhì)量越來越令人擔(dān)憂,出現(xiàn)了持續(xù)的霧霾天,而空氣質(zhì)量的下降會(huì)對(duì)在戶外上體育課的學(xué)生身體造成一定程度的傷害,同時(shí)也降低了學(xué)生對(duì)于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的興趣。多年單一常規(guī)化的體育課內(nèi)容已經(jīng)不足以適應(yīng)當(dāng)今學(xué)校體育的發(fā)展要求,學(xué)校體育課急需增加新的內(nèi)容。相比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校體育課,游泳課是較為特別的一門課程。游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)是群眾所熟悉的大眾體育項(xiàng)目之一,在民間有著較高的普及率和參與熱情,課余時(shí)間已經(jīng)有很多學(xué)生自發(fā)參與到游泳鍛煉中。游泳課有別于傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校體育課,游泳借助于水中的特殊環(huán)境,可以有效發(fā)展少兒的呼吸系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng),對(duì)促進(jìn)少兒的生長發(fā)育十分有利。游泳課在室內(nèi)教學(xué),可有效減少室外霧霾天對(duì)學(xué)生身體的傷害。游泳既是一項(xiàng)很好的體育項(xiàng)目,也是一項(xiàng)生存技能,能讓學(xué)生克服恐懼心理,提高心理健康水平,特別是對(duì)于獨(dú)生子女家庭而言更是如此。采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、心理統(tǒng)計(jì)量表、實(shí)驗(yàn)法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等研究方法,以青島市四方實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué)、江蘇路小學(xué)、李滄小學(xué)共計(jì)174名小學(xué)生的體質(zhì)健康狀況為研究對(duì)象,在對(duì)國內(nèi)外有關(guān)小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康和游泳課程的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究后,參考和借鑒專家訪談的意見建議,確定了本研究的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施方案。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)組89名學(xué)生、對(duì)照組85名學(xué)生為期12周的游泳課程教學(xué)對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),得出以下結(jié)論和建議:1.相比傳統(tǒng)體育課,游泳課對(duì)學(xué)生身體形態(tài)有更好的良性作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)前后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組學(xué)生身高增加較對(duì)照組明顯,但P值小于0.05。實(shí)驗(yàn)組體重降低較對(duì)照組更為明顯,實(shí)驗(yàn)組學(xué)生體重指數(shù)較對(duì)照組更為明顯。由于游泳是在水中失重環(huán)境中運(yùn)動(dòng),這種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式會(huì)讓他們的骨骼免受重力的影響,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)生長。建議如建立學(xué)生健康檔案、不定期抽查與排查等方式對(duì)學(xué)生身體形態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。2.游泳課能更好發(fā)展小學(xué)生肺活量。小學(xué)生游泳時(shí),會(huì)通過改變呼吸方式來形成一種“爆發(fā)式”的呼吸方法,可有效增大肺內(nèi)壓,增強(qiáng)肺部的擴(kuò)張,刺激肺泡數(shù)量的增加,讓肺部更有力量,有效增加肺活量。建議學(xué)校應(yīng)該多開設(shè)游泳課程,更好的促進(jìn)小學(xué)生呼吸系統(tǒng)的生長發(fā)育。3.游泳課對(duì)促進(jìn)各項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)的作用非常明顯。在速度素質(zhì)、耐力素質(zhì)、柔韌素質(zhì)、下肢爆發(fā)力以及平衡能力五個(gè)方面,實(shí)驗(yàn)組提高幅度均高于對(duì)照組。游泳課程對(duì)于發(fā)展小學(xué)生身體素質(zhì)的特殊性是其他項(xiàng)目無法取代的。建議游泳課應(yīng)占小學(xué)生體育課比重的30%,以利于學(xué)生身體的全面發(fā)展。4.游泳課對(duì)小學(xué)生心理發(fā)展有更好的促進(jìn)作用。游泳本身就要克服對(duì)水下環(huán)境的恐懼,環(huán)境的改變也促使學(xué)生代謝水平發(fā)生變化,刺激人體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)讓人的應(yīng)激性得到提高,同時(shí)提升精神狀態(tài)。建議把游泳課作為提高學(xué)生心理健康素質(zhì)的重要手段之一。
[Abstract]:The air quality in winter in northern China is becoming more and more worrisome, with the appearance of continuous haze days, and the decline of air quality will cause some damage to the health of students who are taking physical education classes outdoors. It also reduces students' interest in sports. For many years, the single regular physical education content has not been enough to meet the needs of the development of school physical education, and it is urgent to add new content to the school physical education class. Compared with traditional school physical education, swimming is a special course. Swimming is one of the popular sports which is familiar to the masses. It has a high popularization rate and enthusiasm for participation in the folk. Many students have participated in swimming exercise spontaneously in their spare time. Swimming course is different from traditional school physical education. Swimming with the help of special environment in water can effectively develop the respiratory system and immune system of children, which is very beneficial to promote the growth and development of children. Swimming class in indoor teaching, can effectively reduce outdoor haze days of physical injury to students. Swimming is both a good sport and a survival skill, which can help students overcome fear and improve their mental health, especially for one-child families. With the methods of literature, expert interview, psychological statistics, experiment and mathematical statistics, the physical health status of 174 primary school students in Qingdao Sifang Experimental Primary School, Jiangsu Lu Primary School and Li Cang Primary School were studied. After a systematic study on the literature of primary school students' physical health and swimming course at home and abroad, the experimental design and implementation scheme of this study were determined by referring to the opinions and suggestions of experts' interviews. In this paper, 89 students in the experimental group and 85 students in the control group are compared in swimming teaching for 12 weeks, and the following conclusions and suggestions are drawn. Compared with traditional physical education, swimming class has a better effect on students' body shape. Before and after the experiment, the height of the students in the experimental group was significantly increased than that in the control group, but the P value was less than 0.05. The weight loss of the experimental group was more obvious than that of the control group, and the BMI of the experimental group was more obvious than that of the control group. Because swimming is a weightlessness environment in water, this exercise protects their bones from gravity, which in turn promotes growth. It is suggested that students' body shape should be monitored by some methods such as establishing student health files, random checking and checking. 2. Swimming lessons can better develop the vital capacity of pupils. When pupils swim, they will form a "explosive" breathing method by changing their breathing style, which can effectively increase intrapulmonary pressure, enhance lung expansion, stimulate the increase of alveolar number, make the lungs more powerful, and effectively increase the vital capacity of the lungs. It is suggested that schools should set up more swimming courses to better promote the growth and development of pupils' respiratory system. Swimming lessons play an important role in promoting physical fitness. The improvement range of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in five aspects: speed quality, endurance quality, flexibility quality, lower extremity explosive force and balance ability. Swimming curriculum for the development of primary school students' physical fitness particularity can not be replaced by other items. It is suggested that swimming class should account for 30% of primary school students' physical education class, in order to benefit the students' overall development. 4. Swimming lessons have a better role in promoting the psychological development of primary school students. Swimming itself should overcome the fear of underwater environment, and the change of environment will promote the students' metabolic level change, stimulate the human nervous system to improve the stress, and improve the mental state at the same time. It is suggested that swimming class be regarded as one of the important means to improve the students' mental health quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G623.8

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