【摘要】：海運提單法律制度從產生到演變,到大規(guī)模的發(fā)展,經歷了近二、三百年的時間。隨著全球貿易的快速發(fā)展,提單所起到的作用也正在加大,關乎到國際民生的重要問題。在提單作用不斷提高的同時,為調整有關于提單的法律關系,使提單相關各方的合法權益得到維護和平衡,鼓勵全球經濟發(fā)展和海運提單的使用和交易,方便國際物流運輸,多數國家都以成文法或者判例法對海運提單進行了新的界定和標準的規(guī)范,這才促使單法律制度的完善和進一步規(guī)范。 提單的流轉意味著提單的流通性,提單的流轉在于它在不同主體問的流動性,也就在于它的轉讓性,當然提單也一直被認為是可以轉讓的,有的國際貿易研究甚至認為,提單的實質就在于它的轉讓性。提單的流轉性在國際貿易實務中的意義重大,不了解提單的可轉讓性就很難真正理解國際貿易的法律。 提單流轉可能產生多方面的問題。當然,提單是可以流轉的,但是也不是所有的提單在什么樣的條件下都可以隨便轉讓的。只有在國際貨物買賣中,法律雙方在所有的法律要件齊備的情況下,不違法國際貨物買賣的規(guī)則等前提下,提單就可以轉讓了。也就是說,當完全符合法律轉讓的條件下,轉讓的提單才能真正的發(fā)生所有權的轉移,達到提單轉讓的效果。 大多數關于提單的法律性質的討論還沒形成統(tǒng)一的理論,但是在一些點上國際貨物買賣中的一些法律問題還是有些一致的地方。例如,在物權關系中,占有權憑證說和證券憑證說的地位逐漸提高,而且有取代所有權憑證說的趨勢,現在也成為兩種主流學說。在債權關系中,作為一種有獨立性的法律關系,提單債權關系也得到了大家的廣泛認可。 在國際貿易發(fā)展的過程中,隨著海運逐漸成為主流的運輸方式,提單的作用也不段的加強。提單不在單單像提單剛產生時候的樣子,僅僅作為船公司或承運人給貨主或賣方的收據。而是成為國際貿易運輸中約束提單所有人或持有人相對于承運人的一種權利義務關系。提單現在也成為一種船公司對貨主的一種承諾,只要有人持有提單,就認為存在著給付貨物的義務；或者說存在著債權債務的關系。這也是在近一個世紀的航海運輸過程中產生的一種約定。在這樣的發(fā)展中,提單的債權關系也是逐步發(fā)展確立的。 所以說真正知道提單的法律性質,對我們關于提單流轉的風險是有積極的作用的。
[Abstract]:The legal system of maritime bill of lading has gone through nearly two or three hundred years from emergence to evolution and large-scale development. With the rapid development of global trade, the role of bill of lading is also increasing, which is related to the important issues of international people's livelihood. While the role of bills of lading is increasing, in order to adjust the legal relationship between bills of lading, safeguard and balance the legitimate rights and interests of all parties concerned, encourage the development of the global economy and the use and transaction of bills of lading by sea, and facilitate international logistics and transport, Most countries have carried on the new definition and the standard norm to the maritime bill of lading with the statute law or the case law, this only then impels the single legal system consummation and the further norm. The circulation of bill of lading means the liquidity of bill of lading. The circulation of bill of lading lies in its liquidity in different subjects, that is, its transferability. Of course, bill of lading has always been considered transferable, and some international trade studies even think that, The essence of bill of lading lies in its transferability. The transferability of bill of lading is of great significance in international trade practice. It is difficult to really understand the law of international trade without knowing the transferability of bill of lading. The circulation of bills of lading may give rise to many problems. Of course, bills of lading can be transferred, but not all bills of lading can be transferred casually under what conditions. The bill of lading can be transferred only in the international sale of goods under the condition that all the legal elements are complete and the rules of international sale of goods are not violated. In other words, when the legal transfer conditions are fully met, the transferred bill of lading can really transfer ownership and achieve the effect of bill of lading transfer. Most of the discussions on the legal nature of bills of lading have not yet formed a unified theory, but some of the legal issues in the international trade of goods are still somewhat consistent in some ways. For example, in the relation of real right, the status of possession certificate theory and securities certificate theory has been gradually improved, and there is a tendency to replace the ownership certificate theory, and now it has become two mainstream theories. In the relationship of creditor's rights, as an independent legal relationship, the relationship of bill of lading claims has also been widely recognized by everyone. In the process of the development of international trade, with the gradual becoming the mainstream mode of transport by sea, the role of bill of lading is not strengthened. The bill of lading is not just as it was at the time of the bill of lading, but as a receipt from the shipping company or carrier to the consignor or seller. Instead, it becomes a kind of right and obligation relationship that restricts the owner or holder of bill of lading relative to the carrier in international trade and transportation. Bill of lading is now also a commitment of shipping companies to shippers, as long as someone holds a bill of lading, there is an obligation to pay the goods, or there is a debt-to-debt relationship. This is also a kind of agreement produced in the course of navigation and transportation for nearly a century. In this kind of development, the creditor's rights relationship of bill of lading is also gradually developed and established. Therefore, to really know the legal nature of the bill of lading has a positive effect on our risk of bill of lading circulation.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.19

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 李敏華;楊科;;對一則“提貨不著”案的分析[J];對外經貿實務;2011年06期

2 ;[J];;年期

3 ;[J];;年期

4 ;[J];;年期

5 ;[J];;年期

6 ;[J];;年期

7 ;[J];;年期

8 ;[J];;年期

9 ;[J];;年期

10 ;[J];;年期

相關會議論文 前1條

1 李美霞;;西部基礎設施建設與BOT投資方式利用[A];當代法學論壇（二○○九年第2輯）[C];2009年

相關重要報紙文章 前10條

1 ;海運提單正面填寫注意事項[N];國際商報;2002年

2 ;海運提單[N];國際商報;2003年

3 永 平;國際貿易中海運提單的風險及防范[N];中國國門時報;2004年

4 ;《UCP500》下銀行對海運提單的需求[N];國際商報;2004年

5 ;海運提單中的裝貨港和卸貨港[N];國際商報;2001年

6 北京市中盛律師事務所 劉會利 律師;海運提單的物權憑證法律特征[N];國際商報;2002年

7 記者 趙文娟 通訊員 張鳳嵐;瑞克野營多策合力抗“寒流”[N];寧波日報;2008年

8 賴朝生;“海運貨物滅失案”的啟示[N];現代物流報;2006年

9 霍桂彬;提單簽法各不同[N];國際商報;2003年

10 上海海事法院 張亮;FCR單證的法律性質及相關問題[N];國際商報;2009年

相關碩士學位論文 前10條

1 曹煥然;國際貨物運輸中提單流轉的風險防范研究[D];遼寧大學;2012年

2 馬貽;海運提單風險管理研究[D];大連海事大學;2010年

3 王嘉鵬;海運提單欺詐及其對策研究[D];天津財經大學;2009年

4 汪麗婷;無單放貨的根源、法律后果、風險預防及解決途徑[D];上海海事大學;2007年

5 李凌;無單放貨法律問題研究[D];南京師范大學;2007年

6 修杰;國際海運中無單放貨的法律責任探析[D];中國海洋大學;2007年

7 王海東;海運提單在信用證國際結算中的法律問題[D];大連海事大學;2008年

8 李華江;海運提單風險研究[D];東北財經大學;2007年

9 王南;無單放貨法律問題研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學;2006年

10 謝金榮;FCA/CPT/CIP術語的應用問題研究[D];江西財經大學;2012年

，

本文編號：2474606