發(fā)布時間：2018-04-25 18:14

  本文選題：可再生能源補貼 + SCM協(xié)定　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2015年召開的巴黎大會,再次將人們的目光聚焦在氣候變化問題上。在此之前,世界各國已經(jīng)為應(yīng)對氣候惡化,全球變暖等環(huán)境問題作出許多努力,也形成了應(yīng)對氣候變化的諸多措施。《巴黎協(xié)定》標志著全球氣候變化治理進入了一個新時期,可再生能源即將取代傳統(tǒng)化石能源,成為越來越多國家的選擇。為了國內(nèi)可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,增強國家在可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的國際競爭力,各國通常會對本國可再生能源采取補貼措施,這些措施可能會違反WTO項下的《補貼與反補貼措施協(xié)定》(Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures,ASCM),引發(fā)可再生能源國際貿(mào)易爭端。研究好可再生能源補貼措施與相關(guān)理論的關(guān)系,可以幫助我國免受此類爭端的困擾,同時也能為我國的可再生能源補貼尋求新的出路。本文采用理論分析和實證分析相結(jié)合的方法,兼采比較分析方法,分五部分來闡述問題。第一部分,可再生能源補貼措施概述。對可再生能源的概念和可再生能源補貼措施進行基本介紹,目的是讓我們了解什么是可再生能源,為什么要發(fā)展可再生能源以及發(fā)展可再生能源都有哪些措施,并指出這些措施可能與WTO補貼規(guī)則存在沖突。第二部分,主要國家和地區(qū)的可再生能源補貼措施。從立法措施和財政補貼政策兩方面闡述美國、加拿大和歐盟的可再生能源補貼政策。經(jīng)過研究總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些國家可再生能源補貼措施存在著一些共同點,對我國的可再生能源補貼措施有一定的啟示作用。第三部分,可再生能源補貼措施的理論分析。主要論述了SCM協(xié)定中補貼的定義和分類。對GATT 1994第20條進行解釋,并分析了可再生能源補貼措施適用一般例外條款的可能性。其次,論述了SCM協(xié)定中補貼的認定標準,主要從財政資助和授予利益兩方面進行認定。這也是此類爭端爭議的焦點問題。最后,分析《巴黎協(xié)定》下可再生能源補貼的必要性。研究好理論部分可以為我國可再生能源補貼找到理論依據(jù),盡量避免出現(xiàn)違背WTO規(guī)則的情形。第四部分,可再生能源補貼措施的實證分析。本部分選取三個具有代表性的可再生能源補貼貿(mào)易爭端案例,分別是加拿大可再生能源案、歐盟對華光伏案、中美風(fēng)電設(shè)備補貼爭端案。首先分別對案例進行簡單介紹,其次分析雙方爭議焦點問題,這些案件的爭議焦點有二:一是是否存在出口補貼或進口替代補貼;二是“當(dāng)?shù)爻煞帧笔欠襁`反SCM協(xié)定的規(guī)定。最后通過案例發(fā)現(xiàn)WTO有許多規(guī)則存在漏洞和不足,需要加以完善。第五部分,WTO框架下我國可再生能源貿(mào)易爭端的解決路徑。結(jié)合上文中可再生能源補貼措施與WTO規(guī)則存在的沖突及WTO有關(guān)規(guī)則的完善建議,并借鑒其他國家可再生能源補貼措施的經(jīng)驗,從中國政府和企業(yè)兩方面闡述我國可再生能源貿(mào)易爭端的解決路徑。
[Abstract]:The Paris Conference, held in 2015, once again focused on climate change. Before this, countries around the world had made many efforts to deal with environmental problems such as climate deterioration and global warming, and had also formed many measures to deal with climate change. The Paris Agreement marked a new era in the governance of global climate change. Renewable energy will replace traditional fossil energy and become the choice of more and more countries. In order to develop the domestic renewable energy industry and enhance the international competitiveness of the country in the renewable energy industry, countries usually take subsidies to their own renewable energy sources. The measures could violate the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing measures and trigger a dispute over international trade in renewable energy. To study the relationship between renewable energy subsidy measures and related theories can help our country avoid such disputes and find a new way out for our renewable energy subsidies at the same time. This paper adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, and adopts the method of comparative analysis, which is divided into five parts to explain the problem. The first part is an overview of renewable energy subsidy measures. A basic introduction to the concept of renewable energy and renewable energy subsidies, with a view to giving us an idea of what renewable energy is, why renewable energy is to be developed and what measures are in place to develop renewable energy, It also points out that these measures may conflict with the WTO subsidy rules. The second part, the main countries and regions of renewable energy subsidies. This paper expounds the renewable energy subsidy policies of the United States, Canada and the European Union from the aspects of legislative measures and fiscal subsidy policies. It is found that there are some common points in the renewable energy subsidy measures in these countries, which can enlighten the renewable energy subsidy measures in China. The third part is the theoretical analysis of renewable energy subsidy measures. This paper mainly discusses the definition and classification of subsidy in SCM agreement. The article 20 of GATT 1994 is interpreted and the possibility of applying general exception clause to renewable energy subsidy measures is analyzed. Secondly, it discusses the standard of subsidy in SCM agreement, mainly from two aspects: financial aid and granting benefit. This is also the focus of such disputes. Finally, the necessity of renewable energy subsidies under the Paris Agreement is analyzed. The study of the theory can provide a theoretical basis for the subsidy of renewable energy in China and avoid the violation of WTO rules as far as possible. The fourth part, the empirical analysis of renewable energy subsidy measures. This part selects three representative cases of renewable energy subsidy trade dispute, namely Canada renewable energy case, EU case on Huaguang volley, Sino-US wind power equipment subsidy dispute case. Firstly, this paper introduces the cases briefly, then analyzes the dispute focus of the two sides. The focus of these cases is whether there are export subsidies or import substitution subsidies, and whether the "local components" violate the provisions of the SCM Agreement. Finally, it is found that there are many loopholes and deficiencies in WTO rules, which need to be perfected. The fifth part is the way to solve the trade dispute of renewable energy in China under WTO framework. Considering the conflict between the renewable energy subsidy measures and the WTO rules as well as the suggestions of improving the relevant rules of the WTO, and drawing lessons from the experiences of other countries on the renewable energy subsidy measures, This paper expounds the ways to solve the trade dispute of renewable energy in China from the two aspects of Chinese government and enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.1

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