發(fā)布時間：2018-04-24 02:08

  本文選題：兒童司法 + 少年司法�。� 參考：《國際關(guān)系學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：兒童司法（justice for children），包括專門用于觸法兒童、兒童被害人和證人的司法體系，屬于兒童權(quán)利保護(hù)領(lǐng)域。國際社會已經(jīng)陸續(xù)通過立法對兒童司法加以規(guī)范與完善。其中，聯(lián)合國以法治為其使命的核心，通過其倡導(dǎo)的兒童司法辦法（approach to justice for children）在世界范圍的推廣、建立與促進(jìn)，不斷將兒童司法推向前進(jìn)，以實現(xiàn)兒童權(quán)利在司法上的有效保護(hù)。 但由于目前對兒童司法的研究集中于少年司法制度的探討，而聯(lián)合國是如何發(fā)展、推進(jìn)這些制度的構(gòu)建的現(xiàn)實問題卻鮮有人研究。抑或有涉及，也并未理清其中的體系框架，分析新近發(fā)展的規(guī)定與實踐。因此，探討聯(lián)合國如何推進(jìn)兒童司法對完善兒童司法制度、保障兒童權(quán)利，特別是我國兒童司法的構(gòu)建都將有重要的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。基于此，本論文是國內(nèi)首次正式較系統(tǒng)地以“兒童司法”為主題進(jìn)行的研究，依托聯(lián)合國詳實的法律文件和資料，站在聯(lián)合國法治戰(zhàn)略層面，全面闡述聯(lián)合國所推行的兒童司法主要制度特點和框架措施，分析聯(lián)合國在推進(jìn)兒童司法制度建設(shè)方面的新近發(fā)展，這是本文創(chuàng)新所在。 內(nèi)容上，本文是通過以下基本思路層層展開：（1）兒童司法是什么；（2）兒童司法如何推行；（3）兒童司法的推行有何影響。分為四章加以闡釋。 首先，第一章論述了兒童司法的基本概念，在通過對諸多聯(lián)合國文件的回顧，得出兒童司法的定義。并根據(jù)聯(lián)合國相關(guān)文件，認(rèn)為兒童司法的主要原則包括兒童最大利益原則，公正與平等待遇以免受歧視原則，發(fā)表意見權(quán)原則，免受虐待、剝削與暴力原則，尊嚴(yán)原則，，法律保護(hù)原則，預(yù)防觸法原則，嚴(yán)格限制剝奪自由原則，堅持法治原則9項原則。第二章分析了兒童司法的主要內(nèi)容，包括觸法兒童的少年司法制度和兒童被害人和證人的司法系統(tǒng)。前者的核心內(nèi)容有預(yù)防少年犯罪、干預(yù)措施、觸法年齡、公正審理、司法措施和剝奪自由6項。后者主要基于尊嚴(yán)、免受歧視、兒童最大利益原則和參與權(quán)的原則。這兩章解決的是“兒童司法是什么”的問題。 其次，第三章是通過分析聯(lián)合國兒童司法辦法的框架，理清了聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)兒童司法的相關(guān)機構(gòu)的權(quán)屬與功能，研究了各自間的聯(lián)系，這些構(gòu)成了聯(lián)合國推行兒童司法的機制。該部分解決了“兒童司法如何推行”的問題。 最后，第四章指出在立法和實踐方面我國初步構(gòu)建了少年司法制度。鑒于聯(lián)合國為兒童司法設(shè)立了一系列行之有效的兒童司法國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，并不斷為推動兒童司法改革進(jìn)行不懈的努力，我國有必要實質(zhì)性地汲取聯(lián)合國的經(jīng)驗，加強與聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)地合作，以推動我國的兒童司法進(jìn)程。該章節(jié)解決了“兒童司法的推行有何影響”的問題。 因此，可以得出，第一，在新發(fā)展的兒童被害人和證人制度上，目前還只停留在經(jīng)社理事會通過的決議的指導(dǎo)階段，但規(guī)范文件的效力有限，也并未有更為具體措施的指引。第二，在兒童司法的推行中，作為聯(lián)合國系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分的聯(lián)合國相關(guān)實體機構(gòu)，加強彼此間的協(xié)同一致的合作顯得尤為重要。除了各自處理兒童司法問題的需要外，聯(lián)合國通過協(xié)調(diào)機構(gòu)來促進(jìn)各實體的協(xié)作。第三，我國目前的兒童司法還處于初級發(fā)展階段，為加強司法改革，促進(jìn)法治，增強與聯(lián)合國的合作，實現(xiàn)兒童司法與國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范的接軌已顯得重要且迫切。
[Abstract]:Justice for children, including the judicial system specially used to touch the law children, children victims and witnesses, belongs to the protection of children's rights. The international community has passed legislation to standardize and improve children's judicature. The United Nations is the core of its mission, and the child judicial approach (appro) advocated by the United Nations. ACh to justice for children) in the world wide promotion, establishment and promotion, continue to push forward children's justice, in order to achieve the effective protection of children's rights in the judiciary.
But since the present study of children's justice is focused on the discussion of the juvenile justice system, and how the United Nations is developing, the practical problems of promoting the construction of these systems are rarely studied. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to perfect the children's judicial system and to guarantee the rights of children, especially the construction of children's judicature in China. Based on this, this paper is the first and systematic study on the theme of "children's judicature" in China, relying on the detailed legal documents and materials of the United Nations to stand in the United Nations rule of law strategy. At the level, the main system features and framework measures of the United Nations Children's justice are fully expounded, and the recent development of the United Nations in promoting the construction of the children's judicial system is analyzed. This is the innovation of this article.
Content, this article is through the following basic ideas: (1) what is children's judicature; (2) how to carry out children's judicature; (3) the impact of the implementation of children's judicature. It is divided into four chapters.
First, the first chapter discusses the basic concept of children's justice. Through a review of many United Nations documents, the definition of children's justice is drawn. And according to the relevant United Nations documents, the main principles of children's justice include the principle of the best interests of children, justice and equal treatment in order to avoid discrimination, the principle of the right to opinion, and the protection from abuse, The principle of exploitation and violence, the principle of dignity, the principle of protection of law, the prevention of the principle of touching the law, the strict restriction of the principle of deprivation of freedom and the adherence to the 9 Principles of the principle of rule of law. The second chapter analyses the main contents of children's judicature, including the juvenile justice system of children who touch the law and the judicial system of the victims and the witnesses. Crime, intervention, legal age, fair trial, judicial measures and deprivation of freedom are 6. The latter is mainly based on dignity, exempt from discrimination, the principle of the best interests of children and the principle of participation. The two chapters solve the problem of "what is the justice of children".
Secondly, the third chapter, through the analysis of the framework of the United Nations Children's judicial approach, clarifies the ownership and function of the relevant institutions responsible for children's justice in the United Nations system and studies the relations between them, which constitute the mechanism for the implementation of children's justice in the United Nations. This part has solved the problem of "how to carry out children's justice".
Finally, the fourth chapter points out that the juvenile justice system has been preliminarily established in China's legislation and practice. In view of the establishment of a series of effective international standards and norms for children's judicature for children's justice and continuous efforts to promote the reform of children's judiciary, it is necessary for our country to absorb the experience of the United Nations and strengthen the experience of the United Nations in a substantial way. Working with the United Nations system to promote the judicial process of children in China, this chapter solves the problem of "how the child justice is implemented".
Therefore, it can be concluded that, first, in the newly developed child victim and witness system, it is still only in the guidance phase of the resolution adopted by the economic and Social Council, but the effectiveness of the normative documents is limited and there is no guidance for more specific measures. Second, in the implementation of children's justice, it is an important part of the United Nations system. It is particularly important to strengthen cooperation and cooperation among the relevant entities of the United Nations. In addition to their respective needs for dealing with children's judicial issues, the United Nations promotes cooperation between the entities through coordination agencies. Third, our current child justice is still in the primary stage of development, in order to strengthen judicial reform, promote the rule of law, strengthen and unite. It is important and urgent for the cooperation between the two countries to achieve the integration of children's justice with international standards and norms.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：國際關(guān)系學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D998.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 馬克昌;責(zé)任能力比較研究[J];現(xiàn)代法學(xué);2001年03期

本文編號：1794648