發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 09:25

  本文選題：國內(nèi)規(guī)制 + 必要性測試　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：必要性測試是認(rèn)定一成員方國內(nèi)措施是否符合服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定(以下簡稱GATS)國內(nèi)規(guī)制義務(wù)的核心與關(guān)鍵。鑒于服務(wù)貿(mào)易與貨物貿(mào)易相比,具有無形性與多樣性特征,傳統(tǒng)的貨物貿(mào)易監(jiān)管方式對服務(wù)貿(mào)易很難奏效。在此背景下,國內(nèi)規(guī)制措施成為成員方實現(xiàn)其國內(nèi)政策目標(biāo)的重要途徑之一。但是,由于國內(nèi)規(guī)制措施很容易被濫用,成為阻礙服務(wù)貿(mào)易自由化的壁壘。因此,恰當(dāng)?shù)膭澏▏鴥?nèi)規(guī)制的邊界是平衡國內(nèi)規(guī)制自主權(quán)與服務(wù)貿(mào)易自由化的基礎(chǔ)。必要性測試正是認(rèn)定一國內(nèi)措施是否符合GATS義務(wù)的重要工具與必經(jīng)之路。對國內(nèi)措施必要性測試進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)深入研究,不僅具有重要的理論意義,更具有迫切的現(xiàn)實意義。對必要性測試的充分認(rèn)識可以幫助我國在相關(guān)的服務(wù)貿(mào)易爭端中掌握主動權(quán),也可以在我國實施國內(nèi)措施時做好事前論證,避免成為其他成員方攻擊的目標(biāo)。 本文綜合運用了歷史分析、文本分析與比較分析的研究方法,勾畫出國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試的發(fā)展演變,通過對GATS國內(nèi)規(guī)制條款進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的分析,對國內(nèi)規(guī)制條款的結(jié)構(gòu)框架、必要性測試的規(guī)制對象及概括性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作出完整闡述。本文的重點是通過比較分析與實證分析,揭示國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試的諸多決定因素及分析路徑。最后,通過分析各成員方對國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試的完善建議,從國際談判與國內(nèi)實施兩個層面為我國提出應(yīng)對策略。 第一部分采用歷史分析的研究方法,梳理國內(nèi)規(guī)制的產(chǎn)生背景及其發(fā)展歷程,揭示GATS框架下國內(nèi)規(guī)制談判已取得的成果,對國內(nèi)規(guī)制工作組的職責(zé)及目前現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行簡要評析。 第二部分采用文本分析的研究方法,首先對GATS國內(nèi)規(guī)制條款的結(jié)構(gòu)框架進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的闡述,通過對國內(nèi)規(guī)制各條款進(jìn)行較為詳盡的剖析,展現(xiàn)國內(nèi)規(guī)制義務(wù)的宏觀圖景,勾畫出國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試在整個條款中所處的地位。其次,對國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試的規(guī)制對象進(jìn)行深入研究,確定必要性測試調(diào)整的范圍,為深入分析必要性測試的內(nèi)涵奠定基礎(chǔ)。最后,根據(jù)GATS國內(nèi)規(guī)制條款,提煉出必要性測試的概括性標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對比例性原則進(jìn)行批判性分析,對不必要的貿(mào)易限制與不必要的負(fù)擔(dān)進(jìn)行比較研究,以更清晰的闡釋必要性測試的實質(zhì)。 第三部分采用比較分析的研究方法,從實證的角度對GATT1947、SPS、TBT以及GATS相關(guān)制度、案例進(jìn)行比較研究,GATS國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試與SPS以及TBT中的相關(guān)制度存在較大的相似性,但與GATT1947和GATS一般例外中的必要性測試有所區(qū)別。通過深入分析上述制度中有關(guān)必要性測試的案例,研究爭端解決機(jī)構(gòu)考量的核心要素與分析思路,為準(zhǔn)確把握GATS國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試提供有益參考。 第四部分著重闡述對GATS國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試的完善建議。通過對相關(guān)成員方提案的分析對比,指出未來必要性測試可能的發(fā)展方向及潛在問題,提出未來談判應(yīng)當(dāng)堅持以成員方作出的具體承諾為基礎(chǔ),以水平化為策略選擇,充分尊重發(fā)展中國家成員的利益。 第五部分結(jié)合前文的分析,提出我國因應(yīng)國內(nèi)規(guī)制必要性測試的對策。尤其是以前文的實證分析為依據(jù),從國際談判與國內(nèi)實踐兩個層面探討我國應(yīng)采取的具體可行對策,最大程度維護(hù)我國貿(mào)易利益。
[Abstract]:The necessity test is the core and key of determining whether the domestic measures of a member conforms to the internal regulation obligations of the general agreement on service trade (hereinafter referred to as GATS). In view of the intangible and diversity characteristics of service trade compared with goods trade, the traditional way of regulation of goods trade is very difficult for service trade. Under this background, domestic regulation Measures become one of the important ways for the members to achieve their domestic policy goals. However, because the domestic regulation measures are easily abused, it becomes a barrier to the liberalization of service trade. Therefore, the proper demarcation of the boundary of domestic regulation is the basis of balancing the autonomy of domestic regulation and the liberalization of service trade. It is not only of great theoretical significance but also of urgent practical significance to make a systematic and thorough study of the necessity test of domestic measures. The full understanding of the necessity test can help our country to grasp the initiative in the related trade disputes, and can also help our country to take the initiative in the related service trade disputes. In our country, we should make good demonstration before implementing domestic measures and avoid becoming targets of other members' attacks.
This paper makes a comprehensive use of historical analysis, text analysis and comparative analysis, and outlines the development and evolution of the necessity test of domestic regulation. Through a systematic analysis of the domestic regulation clauses of GATS, the structural framework of domestic regulation and regulation, the regulatory object of necessity test and the general standard are fully expounded. Through comparative analysis and empirical analysis, the point is to reveal many determinants and analysis paths of the necessity test of domestic regulation. Finally, through the analysis of the suggestions for the necessary testing of domestic regulation by the members of each member, the strategy is put forward for China from two aspects of international negotiation and domestic implementation.
The first part uses the research method of historical analysis, combs the background of domestic regulation and its development course, reveals the achievements of domestic regulation negotiation under the framework of GATS, and briefly reviews the responsibilities and present situation of the domestic regulation working group.
The second part, using the research method of text analysis, first systematically expounds the structural framework of the domestic regulation clauses of GATS. Through a more detailed analysis of the domestic regulation and regulations, the macro picture of the domestic regulation obligation is presented, and the status of the domestic regulation necessary test in the whole article is outlined. Secondly, the domestic regulation is made. In order to determine the scope of the necessity test adjustment, it lays the foundation for the in-depth analysis of the connotation of the necessity test. Finally, according to the domestic regulation and regulations of GATS, the general standards of the necessary testing are extracted, and the critical analysis is carried out in contrast to the principle of example, and the unnecessary trade restrictions and the need are not necessary. The burden should be compared to clarify the essence of necessity test.
The third part adopts the comparative analysis method, and compares the GATT1947, SPS, TBT and GATS related systems from the empirical point of view. The necessity test of GATS domestic regulation is similar to the related systems in SPS and TBT, but it is different from the necessary tests in the general exceptions of GATT1947 and GATS. This paper analyzes the case of the necessary test in the above system, studies the core elements and analysis ideas of the dispute settlement agency, and provides a useful reference for the accurate grasp of the necessity test of GATS domestic regulation.
The fourth part focuses on the improvement of the GATS domestic regulation necessity test. Through the analysis and comparison of the relevant member proposals, it points out the possible development direction and potential problems of the future necessity test, and puts forward that the future negotiations should be based on the specific commitments made by the members and take the level as the strategic choice and fully respect it. The interests of the members of the developing countries.
The fifth part, based on the analysis of the previous article, puts forward the Countermeasures of China's need to test the necessity of domestic regulation, especially the empirical analysis of the previous literature, and discusses the concrete and feasible countermeasures that we should take from the two levels of international negotiation and domestic practice to safeguard our country's trade interests to the greatest extent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1

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本文編號：1791366