光遺傳學(xué)技術(shù)在聽覺研究中的應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 07:35
【摘要】：光遺傳學(xué)以其基因編碼,單一成分以及可以在復(fù)雜的組織中調(diào)控特定細(xì)胞的特點(diǎn)已經(jīng)在神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究中產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。隨著光敏感蛋白的不斷優(yōu)化和多樣化,各個(gè)生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域都在嘗試使用這一先進(jìn)的技術(shù)手段解決問(wèn)題。聲音信號(hào)在耳蝸內(nèi)經(jīng)過(guò)毛細(xì)胞換能后在螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)編碼成電信號(hào)傳入中樞。聽力受損后,通過(guò)人工耳蝸的電極刺激螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)可以部分地恢復(fù)一定的聽力,但會(huì)影響聲音的分辨率。光學(xué)刺激選擇性聚焦可以改善電刺激的局限,增加聲音編碼的分辨率。本文回顧了光遺傳技術(shù)在聽覺研究中的應(yīng)用以及在未來(lái)科學(xué)研究和臨床轉(zhuǎn)化的前景。
[Abstract]:Photogenetics has had a profound impact on neuroscience research because of its genetic coding, single component, and the ability to regulate specific cells in complex tissues. With the continuous optimization and diversification of photosensitive proteins, various fields of life science are trying to use this advanced technology to solve the problem. Sound signals are encoded into afferent centers in the spiral ganglion after transfered by hair cells in the cochlea. After hearing loss, the spiral ganglion can be partially restored by the electrode of cochlear implant, but it will affect the resolution of sound. Selective focusing of optical stimuli can improve the localization of electrical stimuli and increase the resolution of sound coding. This paper reviews the application of photogenetic technology in auditory research and the prospect of future scientific research and clinical transformation.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科耳鼻咽喉研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家973計(jì)劃重大科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃干細(xì)胞項(xiàng)目(2012CB967900與2014CB943002) 軍隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(BWS14B080;JDZYY20132) 國(guó)家自然基金項(xiàng)目(81271081;81528005與81470700) 北京市項(xiàng)目(PXM2014-178304-000002-00130228)共同支持下在解放軍總醫(yī)院完成
【分類號(hào)】：R764
[Abstract]:Photogenetics has had a profound impact on neuroscience research because of its genetic coding, single component, and the ability to regulate specific cells in complex tissues. With the continuous optimization and diversification of photosensitive proteins, various fields of life science are trying to use this advanced technology to solve the problem. Sound signals are encoded into afferent centers in the spiral ganglion after transfered by hair cells in the cochlea. After hearing loss, the spiral ganglion can be partially restored by the electrode of cochlear implant, but it will affect the resolution of sound. Selective focusing of optical stimuli can improve the localization of electrical stimuli and increase the resolution of sound coding. This paper reviews the application of photogenetic technology in auditory research and the prospect of future scientific research and clinical transformation.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科耳鼻咽喉研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家973計(jì)劃重大科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃干細(xì)胞項(xiàng)目(2012CB967900與2014CB943002) 軍隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(BWS14B080;JDZYY20132) 國(guó)家自然基金項(xiàng)目(81271081;81528005與81470700) 北京市項(xiàng)目(PXM2014-178304-000002-00130228)共同支持下在解放軍總醫(yī)院完成
【分類號(hào)】：R764
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