異化：從馬克思主義視角分析《老無所依》
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-17 09:37
【摘要】：科馬克.麥卡錫是美國(guó)當(dāng)代著名的小說家,其聲譽(yù)享譽(yù)海內(nèi)外。他的小說視角主要集中于美國(guó)西部和南部,其后啟示錄風(fēng)格的小說注重探討人類存在價(jià)值和當(dāng)下的人類生存環(huán)境。這些作品深入人心并引起了人們對(duì)生存狀態(tài)的思考。其代表作之一《老無所依》出版于2005年,由于作者對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的混亂和人性缺失的描述,該作品引起了巨大的反響,作者通過故事敘述意在揭示社會(huì)的混亂狀態(tài),從而喚醒人們心中的道德。 本文從馬克思主義異化理論的視角來分析小說。異化作為社會(huì)現(xiàn)象同階級(jí)一起產(chǎn)生,是人的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)與精神生產(chǎn)及其產(chǎn)品變成異己力量,反過來統(tǒng)治人的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。它作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的力量對(duì)人類存在產(chǎn)生威脅。根據(jù)馬克思主義理論,在異化活動(dòng)中,人的能動(dòng)性喪失了,遭到異己的物質(zhì)力量或精神力量的奴役,從而使人的個(gè)性不能全面發(fā)展,只能片面發(fā)展,甚至畸形發(fā)展。由于異化的影響,人類從一個(gè)具有主觀能動(dòng)性的積極的主體變成了受支配的消極的客體。這種現(xiàn)象是現(xiàn)代文明的產(chǎn)物,充斥于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的各個(gè)角落。在這部小說中,主要人物和其周圍環(huán)境處在異化的狀態(tài)中。作者試圖通過對(duì)異化世界的客觀呈現(xiàn)喚醒人們對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的深刻反思。 該論文由六章組成。第一章簡(jiǎn)要介紹作者及《老無所依》和這部小說的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況。第二章詳細(xì)敘述馬克思主義異化理論及其重要的異化結(jié)果和異化的原因。第三章是異化在小說中的體現(xiàn)。人物異化分析包括機(jī)械化的冷血?dú)⑹职矕|和被邊緣化了的警長(zhǎng)貝爾。同時(shí)這章也將分析社會(huì)異化中的暴力現(xiàn)象。暴力充斥著整部小說,并且暴力也是異化的重要體現(xiàn),小說中的暴力和當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)社會(huì)中的暴力對(duì)整部小說的異化分析尤為重要�！独蠠o所依》中異化的原因?qū)⒃诘谒恼轮嘘U述,主要包括當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)環(huán)境和美國(guó)價(jià)值觀。社會(huì)環(huán)境指的是混亂的美國(guó)邊境和病態(tài)的社會(huì)。美國(guó)價(jià)值觀原因是指道德淪喪和宗教缺失。第五章揭示異化的結(jié)果和異化在社會(huì)中的反映。通過以上分析最后一章得出結(jié)論,社會(huì)仍然處在異化狀態(tài)之中,人類存在岌岌可危,人們迫切需要反思人性和道德。
[Abstract]:Cormack. McCarthy is a famous contemporary American novelist, its reputation at home and abroad. His novels mainly focus on the western and southern parts of the United States, and his later apocalyptic novels focus on the value of human existence and the current human living environment. These works are deeply rooted in people's hearts and cause people to think about the state of existence. One of his masterpieces, "Old Man without a place", was published in 2005. Because of the author's description of the chaos of the society and the lack of humanity at that time, the work caused great repercussions. The author intends to reveal the chaotic state of the society through the narrative of the story. In order to awaken the moral in the hearts of people. This paper analyzes the novel from the angle of Marxist alienation theory. Alienation, as a social phenomenon, comes into being together with the class. It is a social phenomenon in which man's material and spiritual production and its products become dissident forces, which in turn dominate people. As an independent force, it threatens the existence of human beings. According to the Marxist theory, in the alienation activities, people's initiative is lost and enslaved by the dissident material or spiritual power, so that the individual character can not develop in an all-round way, but can only develop one-sided or even deformed. Due to the influence of alienation, human beings have changed from a positive subject with subjective initiative to a passive subject. This phenomenon is the product of modern civilization, full of modern society in every corner. In this novel, the main characters and their surroundings are in a state of alienation. The author attempts to awaken people's profound reflection on the real world through the objective presentation of the alienated world. The paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the author and the research situation of the novel at home and abroad. The second chapter describes the theory of alienation of Marxism and its important results and reasons of alienation in detail. The third chapter is the embodiment of alienation in the novel. Dissimilation analysis includes mechanized cold-blooded assassins Antony and marginalized Sheriff Bell. At the same time, this chapter will also analyze the phenomenon of violence in social alienation. Violence is full of the whole novel, and violence is also an important embodiment of alienation. Violence in the novel and violence in American society at that time are particularly important to the dissimilation analysis of the whole novel. Mainly including the social environment and American values at that time. The social environment refers to the chaotic borders of the United States and the sick society. The causes of American values are moral decay and lack of religion. The fifth chapter reveals the result of alienation and the reflection of alienation in society. From the conclusion of the last chapter of the above analysis, the society is still in the state of alienation, the human existence is at risk, and people urgently need to reflect on human nature and morality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074
本文編號(hào)：2337319
[Abstract]:Cormack. McCarthy is a famous contemporary American novelist, its reputation at home and abroad. His novels mainly focus on the western and southern parts of the United States, and his later apocalyptic novels focus on the value of human existence and the current human living environment. These works are deeply rooted in people's hearts and cause people to think about the state of existence. One of his masterpieces, "Old Man without a place", was published in 2005. Because of the author's description of the chaos of the society and the lack of humanity at that time, the work caused great repercussions. The author intends to reveal the chaotic state of the society through the narrative of the story. In order to awaken the moral in the hearts of people. This paper analyzes the novel from the angle of Marxist alienation theory. Alienation, as a social phenomenon, comes into being together with the class. It is a social phenomenon in which man's material and spiritual production and its products become dissident forces, which in turn dominate people. As an independent force, it threatens the existence of human beings. According to the Marxist theory, in the alienation activities, people's initiative is lost and enslaved by the dissident material or spiritual power, so that the individual character can not develop in an all-round way, but can only develop one-sided or even deformed. Due to the influence of alienation, human beings have changed from a positive subject with subjective initiative to a passive subject. This phenomenon is the product of modern civilization, full of modern society in every corner. In this novel, the main characters and their surroundings are in a state of alienation. The author attempts to awaken people's profound reflection on the real world through the objective presentation of the alienated world. The paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the author and the research situation of the novel at home and abroad. The second chapter describes the theory of alienation of Marxism and its important results and reasons of alienation in detail. The third chapter is the embodiment of alienation in the novel. Dissimilation analysis includes mechanized cold-blooded assassins Antony and marginalized Sheriff Bell. At the same time, this chapter will also analyze the phenomenon of violence in social alienation. Violence is full of the whole novel, and violence is also an important embodiment of alienation. Violence in the novel and violence in American society at that time are particularly important to the dissimilation analysis of the whole novel. Mainly including the social environment and American values at that time. The social environment refers to the chaotic borders of the United States and the sick society. The causes of American values are moral decay and lack of religion. The fifth chapter reveals the result of alienation and the reflection of alienation in society. From the conclusion of the last chapter of the above analysis, the society is still in the state of alienation, the human existence is at risk, and people urgently need to reflect on human nature and morality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074
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，本文編號(hào)：2337319
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