本文選題：原形部件　切入點(diǎn)：變體部件　出處：《北京語言大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：部件是漢字的構(gòu)字單位,主要承擔(dān)著表義、表音和記號(hào)等各種功能。部件教學(xué)法為對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)界所采納的漢字教學(xué)法,很多學(xué)者已在聲旁表音度、正字法意識(shí)和形似部件的辨別等方面做了充分的研究,而對(duì)表義部件的系統(tǒng)研究則相對(duì)較少。表義部件很寬泛地劃分了漢字意義的歸屬,其多數(shù)部件又存在著構(gòu)字變形的情況,這給學(xué)習(xí)者在對(duì)生字進(jìn)行“依形判義”時(shí)帶來了障礙。本研究首先通過對(duì)原形部件和變形部件關(guān)系的整理和分類,發(fā)現(xiàn)部件的變形存在著一定的規(guī)律。當(dāng)部件構(gòu)字并承擔(dān)表義功能時(shí),往往會(huì)發(fā)生筆形上的變化,部件變形程度的大小主要取決于它單字時(shí)的筆形和整字的結(jié)構(gòu)�？傮w上,表義部件在進(jìn)入左右結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)變形程度大,進(jìn)入上下結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)變形程度一般較小。筆者又從部件的變體與構(gòu)字的位置呈對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系這個(gè)特點(diǎn),發(fā)現(xiàn)漢字在構(gòu)字時(shí)體現(xiàn)著語言的組合關(guān)系。本文根據(jù)變形程度的大小,將部件之間的關(guān)系劃分為五種類型,并使用由正誤判斷題構(gòu)成的問卷對(duì)每種類型進(jìn)行測(cè)量,以考察學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)變形部件的認(rèn)同。對(duì)回收的試卷進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,證實(shí)了變形程度是影響表義部件類屬認(rèn)同的主要因素。母語者在對(duì)變形部件的認(rèn)同度上明顯高于留學(xué)生,而母語者的主要差異來自于他們所學(xué)的專業(yè),留學(xué)生對(duì)變形部件認(rèn)同的差異則取決于他們的漢語水平。在對(duì)教學(xué)、教材和科研方面的設(shè)想,筆者建議按照形聲字“保全表音部件,減省義符筆形”等特點(diǎn),運(yùn)用動(dòng)態(tài)的部件變形構(gòu)字理念來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握漢字。
[Abstract]:Components are the units of Chinese characters, which are mainly responsible for the functions of meaning, pronunciation and marking. The component teaching method is adopted in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and many scholars have expressed the degree of sound beside the sound. The orthographic consciousness and the discrimination of similar parts have been fully studied, but the systematic research on the semantic components is relatively few. The semantic parts of the orthographic characters are broadly divided into the meaning of Chinese characters, and most of the components have deformation of construction characters. This has brought obstacles to the learners in "judging the meaning according to the form" of new characters. The first step of this study is to sort out and classify the relationship between prototypes and deformed parts. It is found that there is a certain rule in the deformation of the part. When the part is constructed and assumed the function of expressing meaning, it will often change in the shape of the pen, and the degree of deformation of the part mainly depends on the shape of the pen and the structure of the whole word. Generally speaking, the degree of deformation of the component depends on the shape of the pen and the structure of the whole word. The deformation degree of the semantic parts is large when entering the left and right structures, and the degree of deformation is generally smaller when entering the upper and lower structures. It is found that the combination of language is embodied in the construction of Chinese characters. According to the degree of deformation, the relationship between components is divided into five types, and each type is measured by a questionnaire composed of correct and wrong judgment questions. In order to investigate learners' identification with deformed parts, statistical analysis was made on the papers collected, and it was proved that the degree of deformation was the main factor affecting the identification of semantic components. The degree of recognition of deformed parts by native speakers was obviously higher than that of foreign students. The major differences among native speakers are the majors they study, and the differences in how students identify with metamorphosed parts depend on their level of Chinese. In terms of teaching, teaching materials, and scientific research, The author suggests that according to the characteristics of phonetic characters, such as "preserving the phonetic parts and reducing the shape of the characters", the students should be guided to master Chinese characters by using the idea of dynamic component deformation construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京語言大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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