【摘要】：近些年,冷笑話作為一種特殊的幽默方式在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、電視節(jié)目、書籍雜志上廣泛流傳。根據(jù)百度百科介紹,冷笑話一般指笑話本身因?yàn)闊o(wú)聊、諧音字、翻譯、或省去主語(yǔ)、不同邏輯、斷語(yǔ)或特殊內(nèi)容等問(wèn)題,或由于表演者語(yǔ)氣或表情等原因,導(dǎo)致一個(gè)笑話不能達(dá)到好笑的目的,較難引人發(fā)笑而成冷場(chǎng)。冷笑話作為言語(yǔ)幽默的一種,其研究雖不像幽默研究有著悠久歷史,但卻吸引了來(lái)自修辭學(xué)和語(yǔ)言學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)W者們的注意。作者認(rèn)為已有研究仍有其不足之處,例如其意義的動(dòng)態(tài)建構(gòu)過(guò)程未能全面闡釋。本文利用概念整合理論(FauconnierTurner,1998,2002)闡釋冷笑話意義在線建構(gòu)過(guò)程,旨在運(yùn)用這一理論闡釋冷笑話意義建構(gòu)的認(rèn)知機(jī)制,為冷笑話研究提供一種新的研究角度和方法。 作者認(rèn)為,在冷笑話意義建構(gòu)過(guò)程中,已有語(yǔ)言成分組成若干個(gè)輸入空間,輸入空間中的成分根據(jù)最佳原則被選擇性地投射到整合空間。整合空間中,被投射成分得以重新組合,再結(jié)合讀者的背景知識(shí)和社會(huì)常識(shí)等對(duì)得出的關(guān)系網(wǎng)進(jìn)行完善,最后經(jīng)過(guò)心理模仿等闡釋過(guò)程,形成層創(chuàng)結(jié)構(gòu)。而此層創(chuàng)結(jié)構(gòu)往往與冷笑話內(nèi)部語(yǔ)言信息或者外部社會(huì)常識(shí)相矛盾,正是這些矛盾沖突巧妙地避開(kāi)讀者的邏輯思維和認(rèn)知心理,產(chǎn)生了幽默或者諷刺的效果,使人們一笑置之,或者深感結(jié)果不值得耗費(fèi)先前的認(rèn)知力,覺(jué)得無(wú)聊或無(wú)奈,產(chǎn)生“冷”的效果。 由于冷笑話語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的復(fù)雜性和多變性,形成過(guò)程也不盡相同,為清晰地展現(xiàn)不同的認(rèn)知過(guò)程、致笑方式,本文從五種不同的概念整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)冷笑話意義建構(gòu)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了分析,即：?jiǎn)我豢蚣芫W(wǎng)絡(luò)、框架網(wǎng)絡(luò)、單向網(wǎng)絡(luò)、雙向網(wǎng)絡(luò)和多空間整合網(wǎng)絡(luò),每種整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)中冷笑話的認(rèn)知過(guò)程均不同,但最終致笑原因都是整合空間中產(chǎn)生層創(chuàng)結(jié)構(gòu)繼而引發(fā)沖突。根據(jù)本文研究,作者總結(jié)出整合空間大致有三種導(dǎo)致冷笑話意義產(chǎn)生的沖突形式：一是隨冷笑話語(yǔ)篇的進(jìn)行,輸入空間信息得以整合,讀者根據(jù)預(yù)設(shè)形成一個(gè)整合空間,而此整合空間與冷笑話最后的結(jié)果也稱致笑點(diǎn)相矛盾或相差甚遠(yuǎn),導(dǎo)致幽默意義的產(chǎn)生,如部分腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎；二是整合空間里的結(jié)果明顯與外界基本常識(shí)不一致產(chǎn)生沖突而致笑,或者之前的整合過(guò)程已經(jīng)耗費(fèi)了一定的認(rèn)知力,讓人看到結(jié)果很無(wú)奈、很無(wú)聊,如違反邏輯引起的冷笑話；三是整合空間內(nèi)部成分之間相互矛盾引發(fā)沖突,誘發(fā)了幽默等意義產(chǎn)生,雙關(guān)語(yǔ)冷笑話便是很好一例。綜上所述,在冷笑話這個(gè)微型語(yǔ)篇中,不管整合空間內(nèi)部成分之間,或者內(nèi)部成分與語(yǔ)篇其他成分、外部常識(shí)等產(chǎn)生沖突,都會(huì)導(dǎo)致冷笑話幽默意義的產(chǎn)生。 文章第一部分簡(jiǎn)要介紹本文研究的重要性、目標(biāo)、研究方法和框架。第二部分為文獻(xiàn)綜述,介紹冷笑話的概念、分類、與“幽默”等相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)的對(duì)比、前人的部分研究。第三部分介紹概念整合理論,包括整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)、選擇性投射、優(yōu)化原則以及概念整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型等,同時(shí)簡(jiǎn)要介紹其應(yīng)用。第四部分是全文的核心,運(yùn)用概念整合理論對(duì)冷笑話進(jìn)行分析。分析按照五種整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)展開(kāi)：?jiǎn)我豢蚣芫W(wǎng)絡(luò)、框架網(wǎng)絡(luò)、單向網(wǎng)絡(luò)、雙向網(wǎng)絡(luò)和多空間整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)。每一類型選取典型的冷笑話實(shí)例進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。通過(guò)個(gè)案分析,從認(rèn)知角度說(shuō)明了冷笑話現(xiàn)象的在線意義建構(gòu)過(guò)程。最后對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概括總結(jié),并指出不足和啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, cold jokes have been widely used on the Internet, television programs, books and magazines as a special form of humor. Cold jokes, as a kind of verbal humor, have attracted much attention from scholars in the fields of rhetoric and linguistics. The author believes that there are still some shortcomings in the existing studies, such as meaningful actions. In this paper, Fauconnier Turner (1998, 2002) is used to explain the online meaning construction process of cold jokes, aiming at explaining the cognitive mechanism of meaning construction of cold jokes and providing a new perspective and method for cold jokes research.
The author holds that in the process of constructing the meaning of cold jokes, there are already several input spaces in which the elements are selectively projected into the integration space according to the best principles. Perfect, and finally through the process of interpretation such as psychological imitation, the formation of a layer-by-layer structure. This layer-by-layer structure often contradicts the internal language information of cold jokes or the external social common sense. It is these contradictions skillfully avoid the readers'logical thinking and cognitive psychology, resulting in humorous or ironic effect, so that people laugh away, or deep. The result is not worth consuming the previous cognitive power, and it is boring or helpless, resulting in the "cold" effect.
Because of the complexity and variability of the cold joke speech phenomenon, the formation process is also different. In order to clearly show different cognitive processes and laughing modes, this paper analyzes the meaning construction process of cold jokes from five different conceptual integration networks, namely: single frame network, frame network, one-way network, two-way network and multi-space integration. The cognitive process of cold jokes in each integrated network is different, but the ultimate cause of laughter is that the integration space produces a layer-by-layer structure and then causes conflicts. The reader forms a space of integration according to the presupposition, and the space of integration contradicts or differs greatly from the final result of a cold joke, leading to humorous meanings, such as a sudden turning of the brain; the result of the integration space is obviously inconsistent with the basic common sense of the outside world and causes laughter, or before. The integration process has consumed a certain amount of cognitive power, so that people can see the results are helpless and boring, such as cold jokes caused by illogical violations; the third is that the contradictions between the internal components of the integration space lead to conflicts and humorous meanings, such as pun cold jokes is a good example. Whether there is a conflict between the internal elements of the integrated space, or between the internal elements and the other elements of the text, or between the external common sense and so on, the humorous meaning of cold jokes will be generated.
The first part of the article briefly introduces the importance, objectives, research methods and framework of this study. The second part is a literature review, introducing the concept of cold jokes, classification, and comparison with "humor" and other related words, some previous studies. The third part introduces the conceptual integration theory, including integration network, selective projection, optimization principles and an overview. The fourth part is the core of the full text, using conceptual integration theory to analyze cold jokes. The analysis is carried out according to five integrated networks: single frame network, frame network, one-way network, two-way network and multi-space integration network. Each type selects typical cold jokes as examples. Through case study, this paper illustrates the online meaning construction process of cold jokes from the cognitive perspective. Finally, it summarizes the full text and points out the shortcomings and enlightenment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H15

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