【摘要】：句法分析是計算語言學(xué)的一個重要的領(lǐng)域,它是連接語法和語義之間的一個必要橋梁。漢語由于其表意性較印歐語系更為突出,造成了語句成分離散、句法規(guī)則靈活等現(xiàn)象,使得基于漢語的句法分析變得尤為復(fù)雜。在自然語言處理中,句法分析的首要前提是建立一個完善的、具有本語言針對性,同時能夠兼容和概括其他語言的句法模型體系,這一模型要能夠描述和抽象句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、成分關(guān)系,乃至淺層的語義邏輯,同時,其標(biāo)注體系,也就是表達(dá)方式要全面、靈活,并且易于機(jī)器處理。 傳統(tǒng)句法模型包括短語結(jié)構(gòu)句法模型、依存語法、格語法、框架網(wǎng)絡(luò)等,它們都從各自擅長了領(lǐng)域解決句法分析方面的問題,但由于自身體系存在一定程度的缺陷,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中暴露出了許多問題,難以令人滿意地進(jìn)行自然語言的句法表達(dá)和分析。 本文在充分研究語言學(xué)、計算語言學(xué)等領(lǐng)域前人成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對已有的句法模型進(jìn)行重大改進(jìn),試圖從更本質(zhì)的視角去進(jìn)行句法表達(dá)和分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了高階句法模型。高階句法模型由詞性標(biāo)注體系、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號標(biāo)注體系、轉(zhuǎn)換生成規(guī)則、結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)注體系、標(biāo)記轉(zhuǎn)換集、介詞短語集和關(guān)系標(biāo)注體系等七個部分組成。其中,詞性標(biāo)注體系涵蓋3個層次67種標(biāo)注符號；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號標(biāo)注體系包含18中標(biāo)注符號,且與結(jié)構(gòu)體系和關(guān)系體系進(jìn)行了深層次的連接；結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)注體系概括了11種常用語法結(jié)構(gòu)；關(guān)系標(biāo)注體系則建立3個層次33種語義邏輯關(guān)系。這七個部分各有側(cè)重、由淺入深,從不同的視角出發(fā),形成了從詞性標(biāo)注到語義邏輯理解的涵蓋若干句法分析層級的整體。解決了句法分析實(shí)踐中的許多問題,從更深層的視角對句法這一基礎(chǔ)性問題進(jìn)行了詮釋。
[Abstract]:Syntactic analysis is an important field of computational linguistics. It is a necessary bridge between grammar and semantics. Chinese is more prominent than Indo-European because of the discrete sentence components and flexible syntactic rules, which makes the syntactic analysis based on Chinese more complicated. In natural language processing, the first prerequisite of syntactic analysis is to establish a perfect syntactic model system that is specific to this language and can also be compatible with and generalize other languages. This model should be able to describe and abstract the grammatical structure of sentences. Component relations and even shallow semantic logic, at the same time, its annotation system, that is, the way of expression should be comprehensive, flexible, and easy to machine processing. The traditional syntactic models include phrase structure syntactic model, dependent grammar, case grammar, frame network and so on. All of them are good at solving the problems of syntactic analysis from their respective fields, but there are some defects in their own system. Many problems have been exposed in practical application, and it is difficult to carry out syntactic expression and analysis of natural language satisfactorily. Based on the study of the previous achievements in linguistics, computational linguistics and other fields, this paper attempts to improve the existing syntactic models, and attempts to express and analyze syntax from a more essential perspective. A higher order syntactic model is established. The higher-order syntax model consists of seven parts: part of speech tagging system, punctuation annotation system, transformation generation rule, structural tagging system, label transformation set, prepositional phrase set and relational tagging system. Among them, the part of speech tagging system includes 67 kinds of tagging symbols at three levels, and the punctuation marking system includes 18 tagged symbols, which are deeply connected with the structural system and the relational system. The structure tagging system summarizes 11 common grammatical structures, while the relational annotation system establishes 33 semantic logical relationships at three levels. These seven parts have their own emphases, from simple to deep, from different angles of view, forming a whole covering several levels of syntactic analysis from part of speech tagging to semantic logic understanding. It solves many problems in the practice of syntactic analysis and interprets the basic problem of syntax from a deeper perspective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H087;H146.3

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