本文選題：原型理論 + 范疇　； 參考：《四川師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：原型理論是研究范疇內(nèi)部成員特征的理論。它認為,原型是一個抽象的心理表征,最能代表給定范疇中成員的關(guān)鍵屬性和特征。范疇中的原型可指范疇的典型表征,即擁有該范疇的關(guān)鍵屬性和主要特征的原型成員;或是指抽象的圖式表征,即是指該范疇中所有屬性的集中傾向而非具體原型成員。原型理論還認為,范疇的邊界具有模糊性,范疇成員的地位具有不平等性以及范疇具有層次性,即范疇可分為基本層次范疇,上義層次范疇和下義層次范疇。 Lakoff和Johnson(1980)提出的概念隱喻,指的是通過另一類事物或概念來對某一類事物或概念進行理解和經(jīng)歷的一種認知識解方式。概念隱喻的工作機制被視為源域到目標域的映射。即,用一個較為具體或熟悉的概念域(源域)去描述另一個相對較為抽象或陌生的概念域(目標域)。 Lakoff和Johnson的概念隱喻工作機制很好地揭示了概念隱喻映射的實質(zhì)。但是,對于跨域映射過程中出現(xiàn)的映射優(yōu)先解讀性---源域中某些屬性優(yōu)先映射到目標域---現(xiàn)象,該概念隱喻工作機制卻不能很好地給出較為細致和具體的解釋。為了進一步揭示隱喻認知識解規(guī)律,本文在一些研究者的前期研究基礎(chǔ)上,以Lakoff和Johnson的概念隱喻映射工作機制為框架,運用原型理論對概念隱喻中的映射優(yōu)先解讀性現(xiàn)象進行探索。 在本文的研究中,目標域和源域被視為兩個獨立的不同范疇,即目標域范疇和源域范疇;隱喻映射視為源域范疇屬性到目標域范疇的映射。論文研究表明,概念隱喻的優(yōu)先解讀性與源域范疇屬性的原型特點,源域范疇邊界的模糊性以及源域范疇屬性的等級性和地位不平等性有密切關(guān)系,而且這種現(xiàn)象普遍存在于人類認知思維活動中。此外,隱喻映射的優(yōu)先解讀性還與語言者個體的認知能力、現(xiàn)實世界、傳統(tǒng)慣例、語境和文化等因素有關(guān)。在認知能力方面,由于人們對源域范疇中屬性的理解不同,導致概念隱喻優(yōu)先解讀性不同：在現(xiàn)實世界方面,由于人們關(guān)于目標域范疇的某些經(jīng)驗導致源域范疇中的某個(些)屬性更容易對其識解,從而導致映射優(yōu)先性的不同;在傳統(tǒng)慣例方面,源域范疇中某些屬性的約定俗成性是導致其優(yōu)先映射的主要原因;在語境方面,由于某種具體語境能突顯源域范疇中某些屬性,從而使其優(yōu)先映射;在文化方面,由于歷史、地理條件、宗教信仰、行為習慣的不同,從而使得人們對源域范疇中屬性的認識不同,以致映射的優(yōu)先解讀性有所不同。 論文也是對Lakoff和Johnson概念隱喻工作機制的進一步理解和思考,有利于從范疇化角度深入研究概念隱喻映射。
[Abstract]:Prototype theory is the theory of studying the characteristics of internal members of category. It holds that prototype is an abstract psychological representation, which can best represent the key attributes and characteristics of members in a given category. The archetypal representation in a category refers to the typical representation of the category, that is, the prototype member who has the key attributes and main characteristics of the category, or the abstract schema representation, that is, the concentrated tendency of all the attributes in the category rather than the concrete prototype member. The prototype theory also holds that the boundary of category is fuzzy, the status of category member is unequal and the category has hierarchy, that is, category can be divided into basic categories. Conceptual metaphor proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) refers to a way of understanding and experiencing a certain kind of thing or concept through another kind of thing or concept. The working mechanism of conceptual metaphor is regarded as the mapping of source domain to target domain. That is to say, a more specific or familiar concept domain (source domain) is used to describe another relatively abstract or unfamiliar concept domain (target domain). Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor working mechanism well reveals the essence of conceptual metaphor mapping. However, the conceptual metaphorical working mechanism can not give a more detailed and concrete explanation for the phenomenon of mapping priority interpretation in cross-domain mapping-some attributes in source domain are first mapped to target domain-in the process of cross-domain mapping. In order to further reveal the law of metaphorical knowledge solution, this paper takes the conceptual metaphor mapping mechanism of Lakoff and Johnson as a framework on the basis of previous studies by some researchers. The prototype theory is used to explore the phenomenon of mapping priority interpretation in conceptual metaphor. In this paper, the target domain and the source domain are regarded as two independent different categories, namely, the target domain category and the source domain category, and the metaphorical mapping is regarded as the mapping from the source domain category attribute to the target domain category. The study shows that the preemptive interpretation of conceptual metaphor is closely related to the prototype characteristics of the source domain category attribute, the ambiguity of the source domain category boundary, and the hierarchy and status inequality of the source domain category attribute. And this phenomenon generally exists in human cognitive thinking activities. In addition, the preemptive interpretation of metaphorical mapping is also related to cognitive ability, real world, traditional practice, context and culture. In the aspect of cognitive ability, because of the different understanding of attributes in source domain, conceptual metaphor has different preemptive interpretation: in the real world, Because some experience with the target domain category makes it easier to interpret one (some) attribute in the source domain category, resulting in different mapping priorities; in traditional conventions, The commonality of some attributes in the source domain is the main reason leading to its priority mapping; in context, some attributes in the source domain can be highlighted in a specific context, and in the cultural aspect, because of history, some attributes in the source domain can be highlighted. The different geographical conditions, religious beliefs and behavior habits make people have different understanding of the attributes in the source domain, which leads to the difference of the preemptive interpretation of the mapping. The thesis is also a further understanding and reflection on the working mechanism of Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor, which is beneficial to the further study of conceptual metaphor mapping from the perspective of categorization.
【學位授予單位】：四川師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H05

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本文編號：2111322