本文選題：鋁土礦 + 露天開采　； 參考：《中國地質大學(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦山開采引發(fā)一系列礦山地質環(huán)境問題,如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土地資源損毀等,嚴重危害人類生存環(huán)境,礦山地質環(huán)境問題是人類活動的主要產物,是可以預測,可以預防的。通過分析研究礦山地質環(huán)境問題,就可以減少礦山開采對環(huán)境的影響和破壞,實現(xiàn)資源與環(huán)境協(xié)調發(fā)展。本論文以五臺天和鋁土礦為研究對象,運用實地考察及野外調查、文獻資料收集法、查閱有關規(guī)范等方法,主要從礦山開采引發(fā)地質環(huán)境問題的種類、分布、規(guī)模、產生原因、危害程度及誘發(fā)因素等幾方面進行研究。主要工作及研究成果如下:1、野外實地調查五臺天和鋁土礦礦區(qū)的的自然地理概況、地層巖性與地質構造、水文地質條件、工程地質條件、礦體地質特征以及周邊其他人類工程活動。2、現(xiàn)狀條件下,礦山存在的及潛在的地質環(huán)境問題,主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土地資源損毀、地形地貌景觀破壞等。3、崩塌滑坡問題:平整場地及修建道路形成不穩(wěn)定的邊坡,從位置、規(guī)模、坡度、地層巖性、穩(wěn)定性及威脅對象進行分析,主要由于巖土風化嚴重、節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育、結構破碎、臨空面發(fā)育,在降雨、風化、振動等條件下,就會引起崩塌滑坡地質災害;露采邊坡通過對其穩(wěn)定性因素進行分析,得出只有在軟質巖石、局部構造破碎地段或節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育地段會發(fā)生小規(guī)模崩塌與滑坡地質災害;排土場由于松散堆積,在降雨及采動影響下易產生崩塌滑坡。4、泥石流問題:礦區(qū)溝谷十分發(fā)育,呈“V”字型,G1、G2及G3溝谷物源主要是天然崩滑物及開挖形成的松散堆積物,在雨季洪水暴漲暴落,易發(fā)生泥石流,通過對溝谷的15項因子進行量化,評估出不同溝谷泥石流的易發(fā)程度。5、露天開采,在地表進行,直接破壞原有地形地貌,露天采場、排土場、工業(yè)場地、道路建設及開挖地表等工程活動,對土地資源及地形地貌景觀都造成嚴重的破壞,同時礦山的開挖也引發(fā)含水層破壞問題。6、針對主要問題,提出相應的恢復治理措施。
[Abstract]:Mining causes a series of mine geological environmental problems, such as collapse, landslide, debris flow, land resource damage, and so on, which seriously endangers the human survival environment. The mine geological environment problem is the main product of human activities and can be predicted. It can be prevented. By analyzing and studying the geological environment of mines, the influence and destruction of mining on the environment can be reduced, and the harmonious development of resources and environment can be realized. This paper takes Wutai Tianhe bauxite mine as the research object, uses the field investigation and field investigation, the literature collection method, the related standard and so on, mainly from the mine mining causes the geological environment question type, the distribution, the scale, the cause. The degree of harm and inducing factors were studied. The main work and research results are as follows: 1. Field investigation of the physical geography, stratigraphic lithology and geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions of Wutai Tianhe bauxite mining area, Geological characteristics of ore bodies and other human engineering activities around them. Under the present conditions, existing and potential geological environmental problems in mines are mainly collapse, landslide, debris flow, and damage to land resources. Landform and landform landscape damage and so on, landslide problem: leveling the site and building the road to form unstable slope, from the position, scale, slope, stratigraphic lithology, stability and threat object, mainly because of the serious weathering of rock and soil, The development of joints and fissures, the broken structure, the development of the face of the air, the occurrence of geological disasters of landslides under the conditions of rainfall, weathering, vibration, etc. By analyzing the factors of stability of open-pit slopes, it can be concluded that only in soft rocks, Small scale collapses and landslide geological disasters will occur in local structural broken areas or areas where joints and fissures are developed; dump sites are prone to collapse and landslide .4 under the influence of rainfall and mining, and debris flow problems are: the gullies in mining areas are well developed. The grain sources in the "V" shape of G1G2 and G3 trenches are mainly natural landslips and loose deposits formed by excavation. During the rainy season, floods surge and fall sharply, and debris flow is easy to occur. The 15 factors of the gully are quantified. To evaluate the vulnerability of debris flow in different gullies, open pit mining, surface mining, direct destruction of the original landform, open pit, dump, industrial site, road construction and excavation of the surface, etc. It also causes serious damage to land resources and landform and landscape, and at the same time, mine excavation also causes aquifer damage problem .6. aiming at the main problems, the corresponding restoration measures are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD167;TD804

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本文編號：2058161